??? (tree) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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??? (tree)

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... 1 1 g 1 2 3 ordered tree ... (rooted tree) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ??? (tree)


1
????????????
  • ?6??2
  • ?
  • ?????(3)

2
??? (tree)
3
??
  • ???
  • ???
  • ???????
  • ?,??,?
  • ??,??,??,??
  • ????????
  • ?????
  • ????
  • ???????

4
???(graph)
  • ??????(node, ??, vertex)?,???(edge, ?,
    ?)?????????
  • V ?????
  • E ????
  • G ???

v1
??
? (?) e (v1, v2)
v2
5
???????????
  • ?????
  • (undirected graph)
  • ????????????
  • (v1, v2) (v2, v1)
  • ?????
  • (directed graph, digraph)
  • ???????????
  • (v1, v2) ? (v2, v1)

v2
v1
v2
v2
v1
v1
???
6
?????(complete graph)
  • ???????????????????

7
?????(subgraph)
  • ???G (V, E)???,V?V, E?E???G(V,
    E)?????????,G?G????????????

8
??(path)
  • v1?? v3????????? P v1, v2,v3
  • v1?? v4??????????
  • ??P v1, v2,v3??????????????
  • ??P v1, v2,v3,v1?????????????????????????????

9
??????????
???4? ??7? ????2????? ????????? ??????????
???4? ??7? ????2????? ????????? ??????????????
10
?????(connected graph)
  • ????????2??????????????????
  • ?????????????????

11
????(rooted tree)
  • ??????1??????????????????????????????? ????
    (rooted tree)????? ? (tree)???

12
?(Tree)
? leaf
? root
13
?????????
?(root)
?(branch)
??(node)
?(leaf)
14
????(hierarchical structure)
  • ????,??????????????????

A??
B??
C??
D??
E??
F??
G??
H??
I???
15
?????? (p.39 ?2.16)
  • ???
  • ??
  • ????????
  • etc...

16
??????? (p.42)
  • (1) ??????,?????????
  • (1) ??????(???(null tree)?)
  • (2)
  • (3) ??????,(1)????(2)????????????

Ti ? ni ?Ti?? n ????ni?? ???????? Ti???????
?? n???????
n
17
??
a
  • ??????????
  • ?????.
  • (????????,????????????)
  • ????????????(graph)???

c
b
d
e
f
g
h
18
????
a, b, ????node???
a
  • ????
  • a ? b, f ??(parent)
  • b, f ? a ??(child)

b
f
c
d
g
i
e
h
19
??
a
  • ???????????(sibling)???
  • b ? f ???
  • c ? d ? e ???
  • g ? i ???

b
f
c
d
g
i
e
h
20
????????
  • n1,n2,,nk ?????????????,1?iltk????ni
    ?ni1??????????,??????????n1????nk
    ????(path)????.
  • ????,?????? k -1
  • ????????????0

n1
n2
n3
21
?????
  • ??a????b?????????,a?b???(ancestor),b?a???(descenda
    nt)??????
  • ????????????????????
  • ?????????????????,???????

22
?1 ?????
a
  • a??h????
  • a, f, g, h
  • ???????
  • 3
  • f???
  • f, g, h, i
  • f?????
  • g, h, i

b
f
c
d
e
g
i
h
23
?2 ??
a
  • c???
  • a, b, c
  • c?????
  • a, b
  • ?(root)
  • ???????????????
  • ?(leaf)
  • ????????????

b
f
c
d
e
g
i
h
24
?????
  • ?????(height)
  • ??????????????
  • ????
  • ??????
  • ?????(level, depth)
  • ???????????????

25
?3 ?????
??(???)0
a
  • ??b
  • ??1,??1
  • ??g
  • ??1,??2
  • ????
  • 3

b
f
c
d
e
g
i
h
26
????????
  • ???(ordered tree)?????????????
  • ????(unordered tree)??????????

??????????,???
?????????,???? ? b??,c?? ? c??,b??
27
?????
(?1)????S????Q???????????????????,????S?????Q?????
???????????????????. ??,x??????????
Push(C, S)?Push(A, S)?Enq (Pop(S), Q)?Enq
(E,Q)? Push(Deq (Q),S)?Enq (D ,Q) ? x ? Deq (Q)
(?2)???3????,???????????????????????.
??????????
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