Meeting the Demand for Cross-Country Infrastructure Databases

1
Meeting the Demand for Cross-Country
Infrastructure Databases

• The World Bank
• INFRASTRUCTURE VICE PRESIDENCY
• Conference on Improving Statistics for
• Measuring Development Outcomes
• June 4-5 2003

2
Overview

• Context
• The Monitoring Needs
• Infrastructure and the MDGs
• Emerging Policy Issues
• The Infrastructure Database
• Current Status
• Next Steps
• Food for Thoughts

3
Context

• The return of infrastructure on the development
  agenda
• and perception that 50 years without records is
  enough
• Demand for more accountability of the sector from
  the Board, Countries, Donors and Watchdogs

4
Context

• Response Policy component of the
• Infrastructure Action Plan
• Commitment to improve quantitative and hence
  measurable knowledge of the sector
• Cross country and cross-sectoral standardization
  of information on infrastructure as the first
  step towards better results and accountability
• Commitment to standardized policy diagnostics
• Commitment to investment needs assessments (to be
  financed by either public or private)

5
The Monitoring Needs

• 1. Need for MLT BLT to improve internal
  management
• Facilitates decision-making
• Clarifies accountability (who is responsible for
  what?)
• 2.Need to have improved global monitoring tool
• Initially driven by concern for MDGs
• ..but eventually will allow linkages between
  project monitoring, sector/country outcomes, and
  global targets
• 3. General need to better monitor policy work in
  sector
• Requires cross country databases on
  infrastructure along multiple dimensions
• Will also allow sharper analytical workgtdata
  needs

6
Infrastructure and the MDGs Explicit Goals,
Targets and Indicators

• Goal 7 Ensure Environmental Sustainability
• Target 9 Integrate the principles of sustainable
  development into country policies
• Infrastructure Indicator GDP per unit of energy
  use (as proxy of energy efficiency)
• Target 10 Halve, by 2015, the proportion of
  people without sustainable access to safe
  drinking water
• Infrastructure Indicator Proportion of
  population with sustainable access to an improved
  water source
• Target 11 By 2020, to have achieve a significant
  improvement in the lives of at least 100 million
  slum dwellers
• Infrastructure Indicator Proportion of people
  with access to improved sanitation
• Infrastructure Indicator Proportion of People
  with access to secure tenure
• Goal 18 Develop a Global Partnership for
  Development
• Target 18 In cooperation with the private
  sector, make available the benefits of new
  technologies, especially information and
  communications
• Infrastructure Indicator Telephone lines per
  1000 people
• Infrastructure Indicator Personal computer per
  1000 people

7
Infrastructure and the MDGs Cant Forget
Indirect Effects Towards Other Development Goals

• Infrastructure contributes to determine
• Health
• Education
• Growth
• Poverty reduction
• and Income distribution

8
Infrastructure and the MDGs Indirect Effects
Towards Other Development Goals

• E.g. transport matters to the education MDG
• In Peru, 56 of children w/in 1 hour travel time
  to school attend, 42 w/in 1-2 hours, 29 w/in
  2-4 hours, 25 above 4 hours)
• Existence of a passable road increases enrollment
  4 to 9 (Africa) and girls attendance more than
  doubles with the presence of a paved road in the
  community (Morocco.)
• Lead exposure from gasoline results in inner city
  kids suffering from as much as a 4 point IQ loss.

9
Infrastructure and the MDGs Explicit Targets
for WSS Access the numbers (or their lack)
MDG WSSD targets Reducing by 1/2 the
proportion of population without sustainable
access to safe drinking water sanitation

• Reality check
• Less than 1 in 5 countries on track for WSS
• Less than 1 in 10 low income countries on track
• Proxy indicators proximity to hardware

10
Emerging Policy Issues Monitoring Access is
NOT ENOUGH

• Access should not be the only policy area to
  monitor!!! We also need to mainstream other
  policy areas in the sector
• Affordability
• Quality
• Economic efficiency
• Financial autonomy of providers
• Fiscal dependence of the sector
• Institutional development/governance/policy
• We need specific indicators to measure these
  policy areas

11
The Cross-Country Infrastructure
DatabaseExamples of Indicators within each
Policy Dimension
Water and Sanitation Energy
Access Access to Improved Water Sources (Urban and Rural) Share of Households using as a main cooking fuel (Modern Fuels and Solid Fuels)
Affordability Average Water Tariff Construction Costs of Sanitation Facilities Average Electricity End-User Prices
Quality of Service Water Supply Time Commercial Perception of Electricity Service
Efficiency
Technical Unaccounted for Water Wastewater Treated to at least Primary Energy Consumption per unit of GDP
Economic Total Factor Productivity Total Factor Productivity
Financial Autonomy Return on Equity Net Revenues
Fiscal Costs Taxes and Subsidies Capital and Recurrent
Institutions/Governance Decentralized Management (y/n) Market Structure (vertical separation?)








12
The Cross-Country Infrastructure
DatabaseExamples of Indicators within each
Policy Dimension
Transport Services ICT
Access Access to All-Season Road Telephone Subscribers per 1000 people
Affordability Average Pump Price for Diesel Cost of 3-minute Local Call
Quality of Service Rate-Injury Accidents Faults per 100 mainlines Unmet Demand
Technical Aspects Transportation to Work Modal Structure Mobile Competition Long-distance Competition
Efficiency
Technical Paved Roads
Economic Total Factor Productivity Total Factor Productivity
Financial Autonomy ??? Net revenue
Fiscal Costs ??? ???
Institutions/Governance ??? Private Investment as share of Total








13
Current Status Plenty of Anecdotes, Little
systematic Data Collection

• Only data available is on access some aspects
  of quality for utilities and some scarce
  statistics on transport
• Quality of data is not equal across sectors (ICT
  is exception)
• Little known on affordability, efficiency,
  financial viability, fiscal costs or governance
  of the infrastructure services
• Why?
• gtusual public good problem.all want it, no-one
  wants to pay for it!
• No pressure from interested private parties
  (external debt data)
• No major multinational political commitment (HIV,
  education,)
• Evidenced in little concern or interest for
  development of local capacity to generate policy
  relevant data
• Residual financing claims by any single
  institution is unrealistic

14
Next Steps

• Come up with full diagnostics of data sources,
  availability, reliability, and policy relevance
  (per-sector)see ANNEX for a first cut
• Identify comparative advantages among
  institutions to collect the much needed data
• Internal INF, Sector Anchors, DEC, PREM, Global
  Programs, Regions
• External IEA, WHO-JMP, USAID, UN-Habitat, Platts
  UDI,
• Coordinate the joint-production effort
• Follow up with statistical Capacity Building in
  Client-Countries

15
Food for Thoughts

• a possible allocation of responsibility across
  the partners interested in improving the
  accountability of the sector
• to launch the discussion

16
Food for ThoughtsInstitutional Comparatives
Advantages by Policy Dimension
Water and Sanitation Energy
Access WHO/UNICEF/World Bank (JMP) World Bank (LSMS) USAID (DHS) IEA World Bank (LSMS) USAID (DHS)
Affordability World Bank (Benchmarking WSS) Providers (Utilities) World Bank (LSMS) IEA/OLADE World Bank World Bank (LSMS)
Quality of Service World Economic Forum World Bank (ICA) WHO/UNICEF/World Bank (JMP) World Economic Forum World Bank (ICA) Pllats UDI (Utility Data Institute)
Technical Aspects WHO/UNICEF/World Bank (JMP) World Bank (Anchors) IEA World Bank (Anchors) Platts UDI (Utility Data Institute)
Efficiency
Technical World Bank (Benchmarking WSS) Providers (Utilities) )/? (Non utilities) Providers (Utilities)/? (Non utilities)
Economic World Bank (DEC/REDIs) World Bank (DEC/REDIs)
Financial Autonomy World Bank (REDIs) Providers (Utilities) )/? (Non utilities) World Bank (REDIs) Providers (Utilities) )/? (Non utilities)
Fiscal Costs World Bank (REDI) IMF World Bank (REDI) IMF
Institutions/Governance World Bank (REDI) World Bank (REDI)








17
Food for ThoughtsInstitutional Comparatives
Advantages by Policy Dimension
Transport Services ICT
Access World Bank (Sub Saharan Transport PP) World Bank (LSMS) USAID (DHS) UNESCAP ITU UPU
Affordability World Bank (Railways Database) World Bank (LSMS) ITU World Bank (LSMS)
Quality of Service World Bank (WBES) World Bank (ICA) UN-Habitat IRF Roads/Global Road Safety Partnership ITU UPU World Bank (WBES) World Bank (ICA)
Technical Aspects UN-Habitat/World Bank World Bank (Anchors)/ITU
Efficiency
Technical World Bank Providers ITU UPU
Economic World Bank (DEC/REDIs) World Bank (DEC/REDIs)
Financial Autonomy World Bank (Anchors-REDIs) Providers (Utilities) World Bank (REDIs) Providers (Utilities)
Fiscal Costs World Bank (Anchors-REDI) IMF World Bank (REDI) IMF
Institutions/Governance World Bank (Anchors-REDI) World Bank (REDI)








18
Food for Thoughts

• to launch the discussion on
• Who does it?
• How is it done (add-on vs. new efforts)?
• How frequently (every 2-5 years)?
• And Who pays for it?

19

• ANNEX

20
The Infrastructure DatabaseEnergy at a Glance
DRAFT








21
The Infrastructure DatabaseEnergy at a Glance
DRAFT








22
The Infrastructure DatabaseWater and Sanitation
at a Glance
DRAFT








23
The Infrastructure DatabaseWater and Sanitation
at a Glance
DRAFT








24
The Infrastructure DatabaseTransport at a Glance
DRAFT








25
The Infrastructure DatabaseTransport at a Glance
DRAFT








26
The Infrastructure DatabaseICT at a Glance
DRAFT








27
The Infrastructure DatabaseICT at a Glance
DRAFT