Warm Up!

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Warm Up!

• Answer the following questions in your notebooks
• 1. What did Alexander II do in regards to
  Feudalism?
• 2. How are Alexander II of Russia and Louis
  Napoleon similar?
• 3. What happened in the Crimean War?

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Italian and German Unification
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• Italy in 1815 was not a unified nation it was
  divided into 3 regions

Parts were independent had their own king
In the 1830s, nationalism led to a unification
movement as Italians began to see themselves as
having a shared history (ancient Rome,
Renaissance), shared territory, shared enemies
(Napoleonic Wars)
Parts were controlled by the Pope
Parts were foreign controlled by Austria France
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Giuseppe Mazzini

• Mazzini was a radical who established the
  nationalist group Young Italy in 1831
  to unify Italy created a
  republic
• Led a revolution in 1848 which led to a brief
  Italian republic (but Italy was not unified)
  Mazzini was overthrown seen as too radical

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Count Camillo di Cavour

• In 1849, the king of Sardinia named
  Cavour Prime Minister Cavour
  wanted to make Sardinia very
  powerful by increasing industry,
  reducing the Popes influence,
  unifying Italy (but ONLY if Sardinia led the
  unification movement)

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Giuseppe Garibaldi

• Meanwhile, in Southern Italy remained
  isolated, radical nationalists prepared
  for a revolution
• Giuseppe Garibaldi was a nationalist who had
  joined Young Italy helped in the
  South American independence movements he wanted
  a unified Italy under a republic

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Unification

• Garibaldi successfully led the unification of the
  South, but Cavour is unhappy (does not want a
  republic wants Sardinias king in charge)
• Cavour tricked Garibaldi into giving up his
  conquests to SardiniaItalys North South are
  unified a new Constitutional Monarchy
• By 1871, all French territories are reclaimed
  unification is complete

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German Unification

• RealPolitik the
• Belligerent Bismarck

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Germany in 1815

• Germany was the last European country to unify
• After the Congress of Vienna, 39 independent
  German states merged into the German Confederation

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Prussia

• Prussia badly wanted to unify these 39 states
  into a new nation, Germany
• Otto von Bismarck was Prime Minister
  of Prussia who used RealPolitik
  pursue goals by any means
  necessary (go to war, lie, break
  treaties)

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Franco-Prussian War against France to convince
the Catholics in southern Germany that
unification with Prussia was better than
unification with France
Seven Weeks War against Austria led to the North
German Confederation (a united northern Germany
under Prussias control)
To do this, Bismarck led Prussia to war
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A United Germany

• As a result of military victories, Prussia gains
  support from all German states for unification
  25 states become united under 1 union
• In 1871Wilhelm I becomes Kaiser (emperor)
  Bismarck becomes Chancellor (Prime Minister)
• Each state has a local ruler, army, handles its
  own domestic affairs
• Kaiser heads national government

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Closing Question

• http//www.polleverywhere.com/multiple_choice_poll
  s/TIhtulh3i5jlw3N