THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

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THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE
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Moving Towards German Unification

• The German Confederation was a weak alliance
  formed at the Congress of Vienna.
• Otto von Bismarck
• -Chancellor of Prussia
• -United Germany under Prussian rule
• -Blood and iron
• -Used the system of Realpolitik
• -Created a strong military

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A German Nation

• William I becomes kaiser
• Birth of the Second Reich
• Bismark drafts a constitution and sets up a
  2-house legislature
• Emperor and Chancellor had the most power

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• After unification, Germany became an industrial
  giant
• Bismarck had campaigns that opposed Catholics and
  Socialists in Germany
• Both campaigns backfired
• William II
• -Became kaiser after his grandfather
• -Created programs for social welfare (programs to
  help out the people)
• -Removed Bismarck from office
• -Ruler when WWI began

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Unifying Italy

• Italy had not been unified since the Roman Empire
• Italy was left divided after the Congress of
  Vienna
• Giuseppe Mazzini- Founded the secret nationalist
  society called Young Italy. Spent much of life
  in exile.
• Camillo Cavour- Became prime minister of Italy
• Giuseppe Garibaldi- United Sicily and Naples with
  his group of 1,000 Red Shirts. He is called
  the Sword of Italian Unification.

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Emmanuel II

• Became King of Italy
• Constitutional Monarchy
• Some anarchists in Italy
• Anarchists- People who want no gov.

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Problems in Russia

• By 1815, Russia was the largest nation in Europe
  in size and people
• Most people in Russia were peasant serfs.

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Alexander II

• Tsar of Russia
• Was the ruler during the Crimean War
• Crimean War
• -Russia vs. England and France
• -Invasion of Crimean Peninsula
• -Russia was defeated
• -Showed how primitive Russia was

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• In 1861, Alexander II passed a reform of
  emancipation, which freed the serfs.
• Many former serfs worked in factories or tried to
  run their own farms
• Alexander II also set up zemstvos, which were
  elected assemblies that were responsible for
  things like roads, schools, and farms.
• Alexander II was assassinated by terrorists.

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Persecution!

• In Russia, the Tsar tried to keep unity by
  insisting that the only language would be Russian
  and that the only church would be the Russian
  Orthodox Church
• Pogroms-Violent mob attacks on Jews
• Many Jews left Russia and became refugees

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Bloody Sunday

• Hundreds of protesters marched to the Tsars
  Winter Palace in St. Petersburg
• Troops were called out
• Almost 1,000 were killed