SALIVA

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SALIVA

• Protective nature
• Mechanically cleansing
• Defense against microbial invasion

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COSTITUENTS OF SALIVA

• Inorganic Factors
• Organic Factors
• Agglutinins

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INORGANIC FACTORS

• Ions Gases
• Bicarbonate
• Sodium,Potassium,Phosphates
• Calcium,Fluorides
• Ammonium,Carbon dioxide

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ORGANIC FACTORS

• Lysozyme
• Lactoferrin
• Myeloperoxidase
• Lactoperoxidase

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AGGLUTININS

• Glycoproteins
• Mucins
• Beeta 2 macroglobulins
• Fibronectins
• Antibodies

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FUNCTIONS OF SALIVA

• Lubrication
• Physical protection
• Cleansing
• Buffering
• Tooth integrity maintenance
• Antibacterial action

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ANTIBACTERIAL FACTORS

• InorganicOrganic factors
• Lysozyme
• (1)Hydrolytic enzyme
• (2)Both gmgm-ve
• Lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate Bactericidal
• Myeloperoxidase

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SALIVARY ANTIBODIES

• IgG more prevalent in GCF
• IgM
• IgA (1)preponderant,
• (2)many bacteria coated with IgA
• (3)inhibit attachment of Strepto. sp.
• (4)impair the ability of bacteria to
  attach mucosal/dental surfaces

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ENZYMES

• Parotid amylase- major
• Periodontal diseases- increase conc
• (i)hyaluronidaselipase
• (ii)beeta glucuronidasechondroitin
• (iii)aspartate aminotransferaseALP
• (iv)amino acid decorboxylases
• (v)catalase,peroxidasecollaganase

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ENGYME Contd..

• Antiproteases
• -Inhibit cysteine proteases -
  cathepsin
• -Antileukoprotiases-elastase
• -TIMP
• Mucinous glycoprotein

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BUFFERSCOAGULATION FACTORS

• Bicarbonate-carbonic acid
• Maintenance of physiologic pH
• Factors VIII,IX and X,PTAHageman factor
• Fibrinolytic enzyme

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LEUKOCYTES

• PMNs
• -varies from person to person
• -living form in saliva -
  Orogranulocytes
• Orogranulocytic migratory rate

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ROLE IN PERIODONTAL PATHOLOGY

• Removal of salivary glands
• -dental caries
• -periodantal diseases
• -delays wound healing
• Xerostomia

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MCQ -1

• Which of the following immunoglobulin is most
  commonly found in saliva
• (a)IgG
• (b)IgM
• (c)IgA
• (d)IgE

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MCQ-2

• Which of the following is responsible for the
  antibacterial action of saliva in oral health?
• (a)Glycoprotein
• (b)Bicarbonate
• (c) Minerals
• (d)Lysozyme

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MCQ-3

• The various mechanisms that play an important
  role in the defense of the periodontal tissues
  against infections EXCEPT
• (a)GCF
• (b)Saliva
• (c)Epithelial barrier
• (d)Monoglycerides

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MCQ-4

• Which of the following leukocytes are most
  commonly found in Saliva
• (a)Lymphocytes
• (b)Basophils
• (c)Eosinophils
• (d)Neutrophils

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MCQ-5

• Salivary secretions are protective in nature
  because they
• (a)help in plaque maturation
• (b)initiate calculus formation
• (c)mechanically cleansing oral cavity
• (d)contains proteases