ACID AND BASES

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ACID AND BASES
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ACIDS

• An acid is traditionally considered any chemical
  compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a
  solution with a pH less than 7
• Properties of acids generally taste sour, are
  corrosive to metals, turns blue litmus paper red
  and reacts with a base to produce a salt and
  water

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• Acids pH level ranges from 0 to 6
• An acid with a pH of 0 is a very strong acid
• An acid with a pH of 6 is a weaker acid
• Examples of acids lemon juice, vinegar, HCl

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BASES

• A base is traditionally considered any chemical
  compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a
  solution with a pH greater than 7
• Properties of bases have a bitter taste, feel
  slimy or soapy, are not corrosive to metals,
  turns red litmus paper blue and phenolphthalein
  red

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• Bases react with acids to produce a salt and
  water
• The pH level of bases ranges from 8 to 14
• A base with a pH of 8 is a weak base
• A base with a pH of 14 is a strong base
• Examples of bases baking soda, Tums, Drano, NaOH

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pH SCALE
pH 7 - neutral
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Neutralization

• The reaction between an acid and a base is called
  neutralization
• Acids are a source of H ions, hydrogen ions
• Bases are a source of OH- ions, hydroxide ions
• During neutralization these two ions combine to
  form water
• The products of neutralization are ALWAYS a salt
  and water

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Example

• If we reacted hydrochloric acid and potassium
  hydroxide, neutralization would occur
• HCl KOH KCl H2O
• Our product is potassium chloride, which is a
  salt, and water

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ACIDS AND BASES EVERYWHERE!!!!!!

• Industrial processes
• Acids and bases are used as reactants and
  catalysts to make goods
• Biological systems
• Acids can be found throughout our body, our
  stomachs contain HCl, DNA-deoxyribonucleic acid,
  and amino acids which make up our proteins
• Bases react with the oil in our skin to form a
  soapy film

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• Domestic applications
• You have many acids and bases in your home that
  you use for a variety of reasons
• Acids orange juice, soft drinks, vinegar
• Bases bleach, oven cleaner, baking soda