Warm Up

1
Warm Up 8/12/2014

• On the same sheet of notebook paper from
  yesterday, please silently answer the following
  question as best as you can How and when did the
  first people get to what is now the United
  States? Thank you.

2
SS8H1 The student will evaluate the development
of Native American cultures and the impact of
European exploration and settlement on the Native
American cultures in Georgia.

• a. Describe the evolution of Native American
  cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and
  Mississippian) prior to European contact.

3
Native American Cultures

• Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, Mississippian Indians

4
How and When Did People Get Here?

• The common textbook answer, stemming from the old
  archeological consensus people walked across the
  Bering Strait from Siberia about 13,000 years ago
• Newer answers from archeology, DNA research, and
  other sciences by boat or perhaps on foot much
  earlier, around 35,000 or even 70,00 years ago

5
Paleo (very old)

• Dates
• 12000 8000 BCE (before common era)
• Tools/Weapons
• Spears made of wood and stone or flint (Clovis
  points)
• Artifacts found throughout all five regions of
  Georgia

6
Clovis Points
7
Paleo

• Food
• Nomadic hunters and gatherers who followed large
  game such as mastodons and giant bison
  (Megafauna)
• Once larger game disappeared, began hunting
  smaller game, such as deer
• Dwellings
• Homes made out of animals skins, which allowed
  easy movement from place to place for hunting
• Lived in groups of 25-50 people

8
Archaic (old)

• Dates
• 8000 1000 BCE
• Tools/Weapons
• Atlatl allowed spears to be thrown at a high
  rate of speed
• Grooved axe
• Pottery
• Hooks and nets for fishing

9
Archaic

• Food
• Nomadic hunter and gatherers
• Dwellings
• Lived mostly in simple temporary shelters
• Moved seasonally
• Several small groups began joining together to
  establish more permanent camps

10
Saras Ridge
11
Woodland

• Dates
• 1000 BCE 800 CE (common era)
• Tools/ Weapons
• Bow and arrow for hunting
• Pottery for storage

12
Woodland

• Food
• Relied on horticulture and farming as major
  source of food
• Depended on corn
• Dwellings
• Lived in small villages with homes made of wood,
  leaves, and bark
• First mound builders

13
Kolomoki Mounds
14
Mississippian

• Dates
• 800 1600 CE
• Tools/Weapons
• Stone axes
• Digging sticks

15
Mississippian

• Food
• Large scale farmers
• Traded throughout North America
• Dwellings
• Lived in large mound towns
• Organized as a chiefdom society
• Structured hierarchical society with a small
  number of elites and the majority who were
  commoners
• Chief held almost all of the power in the
  village

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Etowah Mounds