Cytoskeleton:

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• Cytoskeleton
• The cytoskeleton is a network of protein
  filaments throughout the cells cytoplasm.

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• The cytoskeleton contains three types
• Microfilaments (Actin filaments)
• Intermediate filaments
• Microtubules

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• Common Features
• Linear polymers of protein subunits
• Filaments are dynamic, they can assemble and
  disassemble

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Actin filaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
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Microtubule
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??
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• ?????????,???13????(protofilaments)??????
• ?????????(tubulin)????????

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• ???????,???????????,???a?ß??????
• ?????????GTP/GDP?Mg2?Ca2 ??????????????

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• ??????
• ??????(microtubule-associated protein,
  MAP)???????,?????????,????????
• ?????????????,???????

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??????

• ?????????(singlet)????(doublet)????(triplet)??????

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?????

• ????????????
• ????(dynamic microtubule)
• ????(stable microtubule)

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• ????GTP??????????????PH???

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• ????????????????
• ?????
• ??MTOC(microtubule organizing center)
• ?????????(pericentriolar material,PCM)????????

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?????

• ??????????????
• ??????,?????????????
• ?????????
• ?????????

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Microfilament
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??
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• ?????(actin)??????7nm?????,????????(actin
  filament)

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• ????????????,????????
• ?????????,??G????,???????F-?????

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• G?????2?????,?????ATP/ADP???????????????

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G-actin has subdomains1- 4. It can exchange
bound ADP for ATP. ATP binds, along with Mg2,
within a deep cleft between subdomains 2 4.
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• ?????G??????????,??????K ?Mg2?Na????????F-????

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• ???????ATP???, G????????????????

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• ???????????????(??????????)

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?????

• ??????,?????????????
• ????
• ???????????
• ???????????????????

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Intermediate filament
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???
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• ??????????,????????
• ?????????????????(????),???????????,?a????

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??????
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??????

• ??????,?????????????(?????)
• ???????????

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???
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nucleus

• the largest organelle in eukaryotic cells,
  surrounded by two double membrane
• it contains the cell's hereditary information and
  controls the cell's growth and reproduction.

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• ??????????
• ?????,????5-10µm
• ?????

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• ????????????(nuclear membrane)???(nucleolus)????(
  nuclear matrix)????(chromatin)

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??

• ??????????,?DNA???????,??DNA???????
  DNA????RNA?????????????????????

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• ???????????,?????????,???????????????????(perinucl
  ear space)???????,?????????????????

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• ?????????????,???????????????(nuclear pore)?

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• ????????????,????????????????,?????????

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• ???(nuclear lamina)??????????????,????????????????
  ??????????????????,??????
• ?????,????????,????,???????

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???

• ?DNA?RNA??????,???????????????????,??????????????
  ???(chromosome)

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• DNA????????,????????????????????
• RNA???,?????????RNA

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• ????????,??????????????,?H1?H2A?H2B?H3?H4??,?????
  ?DNA????,?????,??DNA??????

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• ????(?????????????)?????,????,???????????????????
  ?????DNA??,?????????,???????

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• ???????,?????????????????,????????????????????????
  ??????????????????(heterochromatin)?????(euchromat
  in)

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• ?????????????,?????,???????????,???????????

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• ???????????????????????,?????,???????????,????????

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??????????????
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??????

• ???(nucleosome) ???????????

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??????

• 30nm??????(????solenoid)?????????(loop)?????????
  ?? ????

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• ?????(chromosome scaffold)??????????????

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