Establishment Clause

1
Establishment Clause

• Compare the 1st and 2nd Great Awakenings

2
Establishment and Free Exercise Clause often
conflict with each other

• In schools, the religion issue is most prevalent
  
• If a student raises his hand and asks, Teacher,
  can we say an opening prayer before this test?

3
Establishment and Free Exercise Clause often
conflict with each other

• If the teacher says
• Yes! It looks like establishment of
  religion.
• No! It is denying a student free exercise.

4
The Establishment Clause

• A government cannot promote religion
• What is the purpose of the Establishment clause?

5
The Establishment Clause

• Governments can
• Teach about religions in school
• Allow voluntary prayer in many examples
• Transport students to a religious school
• Read Bible for culture or literacy content

6
The Establishment Clause

• Governments cannot
• Set a state religion
• Government cannot order a prayer
• Teach religious doctrine in the school
• Pay seminary teachers
• Teach creationism

7
The Supreme Court and the Establishment Clause

• The Supreme Court has held fast to the rule of
  strict separation between church and state when
  issues of prayer in public school are involved.

8
Establishment Clause - The Free Exercise Clause

• Congress shall make no law prohibiting the free
  exercise thereof (religion) is designed to
  prevent the government from interfering with the
  practice of religion.
• This freedom is not absolute.
• Several religious practices have been ruled
  unconstitutional including
• Snake handling
• Use of illegal drugs
• polygamy
• Nonetheless, the Court has made it clear that the
  government must remain NEUTRAL toward religion.

9
Establishment Clause See you at the Pole!

• Student participation in before-or after-school
  events, such as see you at the pole, is
  permissible.
• School officials, acting in an official capacity,
  may neither discourage nor encourage
  participation in such as event.

10
1st vs. 2nd G.A. vs. Civil War Revivals (3rd GA)
11
1st Great Awakening

• Emphasize the individual
• Call back to RELIGION
• all men are equal,
• the true value of a man lies in his moral
  behavior, not his class
• that all men can be saved

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GREAT AWAKENING PART DEUX

• Growing liberalism starting in the early 1800's
• Revivals on Southern Frontier
• Second Great Awakening introduced new sects
• Second Great Awakening
• camp meetings occurred
• thousands would become saved
• Revivals stimulated
• church membership
• variety of humanitarian reforms

13
GREAT AWAKENING PART DEUX

• Evangelicalism became emphasized during the time
  of the Second Great Awakening
• A belief in the need for personal conversion (or
  being "born again")
• Actively expressing and sharing the gospel
• A high regard for biblical authority, especially
  Biblical inerrancy
• An emphasis on teachings that proclaim the death
  and resurrection of Jesus.

14
Idealism in the Second Great Awakening

• Emotionalism not as high as 1st GA
• Religion began to influence other ideals such as
• freedom from cruelty of war
• discrimination
• intoxicated drinking
• slavery
• There were increased plantation missions held for
  slaves
• Methodists and Presbyterians divide on the issue
  of slavery in 1830's-1840's
• Idealistic religion on a utopian socialism, moral
  reform, and other ideas came to Christianity

15
Important Sects and Ideas

• Two other sects that were born were Methodists
  and Baptists
• Encouraged women to pray aloud in public and
  denounced both alcohol and slavery
• Both these sects stressed personal conversion and
  explored a democratic control of church affairs

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Divisiveness Caused by the Second Great Awakening

• Second Great Awakening widened lines between
  class and region.
• This split between North and Southern Faith and
  ideals in religion
• considered the first sign of splitting
• followed by a split in politics and the Union.
• Protestants encouraged increase in educational
  learning and also importance of education in
  every household

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More religious movements

• Unitarianism - emphasized reason as the path to
  perfection faith in the individual
• Transcendentalist - emphasized that truth could
  be discovered intuitively by observing nature and
  relating it to ones own emotional and spiritual
  experience.
• Mormons
• African American Church Similar to Moses and
  releasing Jews from Egypt

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Second Great Awakening and Abolition

• Second Great Awakening later affected the
  Abolitionist Movement
• Second Great Awakening now inflamed the hearts
  of many abolitionists against the sin of
  slavery. (Bailey).
• Supporting abolitionist movement, Protestant
  beliefs displayed a variety of humanitarian
  reform
• Church Attendance decreased later in the later
  1800's compared to the ¾ of 23 million Americans
  living in the country
• Overview Religion in the 1800's was greatly
  influence by the Second Great Awakening, and
  became more liberal and divided in North and
  South and Class Status