Unit 4

1
Unit 4Chapters 10, 12 13

• Industry and Reform
• CSS 11.1, 11.3, 11.4

2
The Transportation Revolution

• Clermont (Fultons Folly), 1807
• Erie Canal (Clintons Ditch), 1825
• National Road, 1808

• Railroads, 1828
• Clipper Ships
• Pony Express, 1860

3
Inventions

• Telegraph, 1844
• Cotton Gin, 1793
• Interchangeable Parts

• Steel plow, 1837
• McCormick Reaper, 1830s
• Singer Sewing Machine, 1851

4
Factory System

• Lowell Massachusetts, 1823
• market revolution

• putting-out system
• Samuel Slater, 1789

5
Trade Unions

• Tammany Society, 1780s
• Workingmans Party, 1827
• General Trades Union, 1833

• Pre-Industry
• face-to-face w/ boss
• set own hours dawn to dusk
• self-sufficient
• worker valued like family
• apprencticeship system
• skilled labor
• more egalitarian
• barter system
• Industrial Revolution
• no contact w/ boss
• paid wages by hour graveyard shift
• work debts
• dehumanized worker
• unskilled production
• created social classes
• cash economy

6
Immigration
Decade Irish Germans
1830s 207,381 152,454
1840s 780,719 434,626
1850s 914,119 951,667
1860s 435,778 787,468
1870s 436,871 718,182
1880s 655,482 1,452,970
1890s 388,416 505,152
3,818,766 5,000,519

• Irish Immigration
• No Irish Need Apply (NINA)
• German Immigration
• Chinese Immigration

• Major Social Changes

Year US Population
1820 9,638,453
1830 12,860,702
1840 17,063,353
1850 23,191,876
7
Second Great Awakening1800-1830

• Second Great Awakening
• Charles G. Finney
• Burnt-Over Districts

• Millerites
• Shakers

8
Utopian Societies
27 wives 56 kids

• New Harmony, IN (1825)
• Brook Farm, MA (1841)
• Oneida, NY (1848)

• Mormons, 1830
• State of Deseret, 1847

9
Transcendentalism

• Nathaniel Hawthorne
• The Scarlet Letter, 1850
• Herman Mellville
• Moby Dick, 1851
• Walt Whitman
• Leaves of Grass, 1855
• Edgar Allen Poe
• The Raven, The Fall of the House of Usher
• Sentimentalism

• Transcendentalists
• Ralph Waldo Emerson
• Self-Reliance, 1830
• Henry David Thoreau
• Civil Disobedience, 1849
• Walden, 1854

10
Cotton is King!!

• 1,200-1,800 per slave
• SC, FL, MS, AL, LA 50
• Black Codes

• sold down the river
• gang labor system
• gag rule, 1836 1844

Without firing a gun, without raising a sword,
should they make war on us, we could bring the
whole world to our feetWhat would happen if no
cotton was furnished for three years?...England
would topple headlong and carry the whole
civilized world with her save the South. No, you
dare not to make war on cotton. No power on the
earth dares to make war upon it. Cotton is
King. Sen. John Henry Hammond (D-SC), 1858
11
Southern Society

• 250,000 Northern Free Blacks
• 250,000 Southern Free Blacks
• Second Great Awakening, 1790s
• African Methodist Episcopal, 1794

• Poor Whites
• Small Slave Owners
• Planter Elite

12
Slave Resistance

• Underground Railroad
• Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, 1829

• Gabriel Prosser, 1800
• Denmark Vesey, 1822
• Nat Turner, 1831

The whole commerce between master and slave is a
perpetual exercise of the . . . most unremitting
despotism on the one part, and degrading
submission on the other . . . Indeed I tremble
for my country when I reflect that God is just
that his justice cannot sleep forever. --Thomas
Jefferson, 1782
13
The Abolitionist Movement

• Abolition
• William Lloyd Garrison

• American Slavery as It Is, 1839
• Wendell Philipps
• Angelina and Sarah Grimké

14
A Question of Freedom

• Frederick Douglas
• Autobiography of Frederick Douglas, 1845
• Sojourner Truth
• Liberty Party, 1840

• American Colonization Society, 1817
• George Fitzhugh
• Impending Crisis of the South, 1857

Whatever is right for a man to do, is right for
a woman. I seek not favors for my sex. I
surrender no our claim to equality. All I ask of
our brethren is, that they will take their feet
from off our necks and permit us to stand upright
on that ground which God designed us to
occupy. --Sarah Grimké
15
Cult of Domesticity

• Cult of Domesticity
• Mount Holyoke College, 1837

• Horace Mann
• Treatise on Domestic Economy, 1841
• Dorothea Dix

16
Seneca Falls Convention

• American Society for the Promotion of Temperance,
  1826
• Female Moral Reform Society, 1834

• Seneca Falls Convention, 1848
• Declaration of Sentiments

We hold these truths to be self-evident that
all men and women are created equal that they
are endowed by their Creator with certain
inalienable rights that among these are life,
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness