2nd INDUSTRIAL

1

• 2nd INDUSTRIAL
• REVOLUTION

2
Life Before the Industrial Revolution
3
New Products

• Steel Bessemer Process
• Electricity Enabled homes factories to use a
  single power source

4
Who was Bessemer and what was the Bessemer
process?

• Henry Bessemer was an English engineer and
  inventor
• He invented the Bessemer process, which made
  steel easier and cheaper to manufacture
• The key principle is removal of impurities from
  the iron by oxidation through air being blown
  through the molten iron. The oxidation also
  raises the temperature of the iron mass and keeps
  it molten.
• So why is it important that steel became easier
  and cheaper to manufacture?

5
The Impact of the Railroad

• Railway companies countrys major employers
• Spur the growth of other industries
• Increased need to communicate across long
  distances
• Need lots of power

6
ELECTRICITY

• How would your life be different without
  electricity?
• What do you think is the most important invention
  ever? WHY?

7
INVENTORS / INVENTIONS

• Thomas Edison Light Bulb
• Alexander Graham Bell Phone
• Guglielmo Marconi 1st Radio
• Waves.
• Internal Combustion Engine Oil/Gas
• - Gottlieb Daimler
• Wright Brothers Air Plane

8
NEW PATTERNS

• Increased Buying Power
• - Increased wages
• - Lower prices lower transportation cost
  increased buying power
• Department Stores
• World (Global) Economy
• Transportation opens up markets to buy and sell
  from

9
A New Social Order

• New Urban Upper Class Make their in new
  industries
• New Middle Class Modern corporations swell the
  middle class with managers, engineers,
  accountants, clerks, and salespeople new jobs
  created
• Industrial workers Hundreds of thousands move
  into cities in search of jobs
• 1890 50 of industrial workers live below the
  poverty line--- What does this cause?
• Great demand in labor met by immigrants

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From Europe To America

• Where does the Industrial Revolution start?
• How do you think it spreads to America?

11
The Industrial Revolution Comes to America
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Urban Life

• People flock to cities to find work
• Skyscrapers dominate the landscape
• Why no skyscrapers before?
• Mass transit
• Tenements
• What were tenements like?

13
Life during the Industrial Revolution
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What were the factories like?
15
Read the Child Labor packet. When you are
finished answer the following questions IN
COMPLETE SENTENCES on a separate sheet of paper.

• 1. In 2000, how many estimated child laborers
  were there?
• 2. Should the US care about child labor? Why or
  why not?
• 3. Should we stop child labor? Why or why not?
• 4. How might we try to stop child labor today?
  EXPLAIN.

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Some questions

• What was life like in the cities?
• What were the working conditions like in the
  cities?
• Why do people move to the cities and away from
  the farm?
• Who works in the factories?
• How do people feel about these conditions?

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KARL MARX COMMUNISM

• 1848 Communist Manifesto
• - Co writer Friedrich Engles
• Capitalism was cause of horrible living and
  working conditions
• Class Struggle Bourgeoisie vs Proletariat
• - Struggle evolve into violent revolution
  between the oppressors and the oppressed
• - Lead to Classless Society and Bourgeoisie
  would wither away

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SOCIALIST PARTIES

• German Socialist Party largest in Germany
• Worked to pass laws to improve working
  conditions and fight against capitalism worldwide
  

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TRADE UNIONS

• Workers unite to improve working conditions
• Strike to get demands met
• Demands
• 1. higher wages
• 2. better work conditions
• 3. right to collective bargain

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Labor Unions

• Some want to replace capitalism with an economic
  system that workers controlled
• Many favor socialism. What is socialism?
• The AFL American Federation of Labor
• The IWW The Industrial Workers of the World
• The AFL worked within the system and focused on
  skilled workers, while the IWW opposed capitalism
  and focused on unskilled workers

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• MASS
• SOCIETY

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WOMEN

• New job opportunities
• - Assembly line work
• - Low paid white collar jobs
• Secretaries, file clerk, sales clerks
• Women are expected to work until married

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UNIVERSAL EDUCATION

• 1870-1914 Western countries make school
  mandatory for kids ages 6-12
• Reasons for EDT
• 1. Industry needed trained/skilled
• workers
• 2. Educated voters for democracy

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NEW FORMS OF LEISURE.

• Industrial system gave people free time.
• Amusement Parks
• Sporting Events
• News papers