Bell-ringer

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Bell-ringer

• What type of matter can not be separated or
  decomposed by ordinary chemical means?
• Elements
• What type of matter can be separated and has a
  uniform composition?
• Homogeneous Mixture (solution)
• What type of matter can be separated and does not
  have a uniform composition?
• Heterogeneous Mixture

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Section 1-3Elements

• Coach Kelsoe
• Chemistry
• Pages 16-20

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Introduction to the Periodic Table

• Each small square of the periodic table shows the
  name of one element and the letter symbol for the
  element.
• The symbols of elements are represented by either
  one, two, or sometimes three letters.
• Some of the symbols make sense, like H for
  hydrogen and Cl for chlorine.
• Other symbols were used because of their older
  names, like Cu for copper.

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Elements with symbols based on older names
Antimony Sb Stibium
Copper Cu Cuprum
Gold Au Aurum
Iron Fe Ferrum
Lead Pb Plumbum
Mercury Hg Hydragyrum
Potassium K Kalium
Silver Ag Argentum
Sodium Na Natrium
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The Periodic Table

• The vertical (up and down) columns of the
  periodic table are called groups, or families.
• The groups are numbered from 1-18 going left to
  right.
• Each group contains elements with similar
  chemical properties.
• The two major categories of elements are metals
  and nonmetals. There are also metalloids that
  fall between these categories.

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The Periodic Table

• The horizontal (left to right) rows of elements
  in the periodic table are called periods.
• Physical and chemical properties change somewhat
  regularly across a period, but those that are
  close to each other tend to be more similar than
  those farther apart.
• The two sets of elements placed below the
  periodic table are called the lanthanide and
  actinide series. They are at the bottom to keep
  the table from being too wide.

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Bell-ringer

• Which element can be found in Family 13, Period
  3?
• Which element can be found in Group 4, Period 4?
• Which element can be found in Group 17, Period 2?
• Which element can be found in Family 2, Period 7?

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Bell-ringer

• Which element can be found in Family 15, Period
  3?
• Which element can be found in Group 9, Period 5?
• Which element can be found in Group 11, Period 6?
• Which element can be found in Family 3, Period 1?

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Metals

• Metals are elements that are a good conductor of
  heat and electricity.
• At room temperature, most metals are solids, but
  some, like mercury, can be liquids.
• Most metals are malleable (able to be hammered or
  rolled into thin sheets) and ductile (able to be
  drawn into a fine wire).
• Metals can be soft, hard, brittle, malleable, and
  ductile. They are usually silvery or grayish
  white, but gold is yellow and copper is reddish
  brown.

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Metals

• There are four types of metals
• Alkali metals Group 1 except for hydrogen
• Alkaline earth metals Group 2
• Transition metals Groups 3-12
• Other metals scattered between Groups 13-16

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Nonmetals

• A nonmetal is an element that is a poor conductor
  of heat and electricity.
• Many nonmetals are gases at room temperature.
  Examples are nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and
  chlorine. Bromine is a liquid.
• Carbon, phosphorus, selenium, sulfur, and iodine
  are solid nonmetals.
• There are fewer nonmetals than metals.

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Nonmetals

• There are three types of nonmetals
• Halogens Group 17
• Noble Gases Group 18
• Other nonmetals scattered between Groups 14-16

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Metalloids

• Metalloids are elements that have some
  characteristics of metals and some
  characteristics of nonmetals.
• The metalloids can be found along the stair-step
  line in the periodic table.
• All metalloids are solids at room temperature.
• They tend to be semiconductors of electricity.
• Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, and
  Tellurium are the metalloids.

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Noble Gases

• Noble gases are nonmetals, but they are set aside
  because they are generally unreactive.
• They are found in Group 18 of the periodic table.
• Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon, and
  Ununoctium are the noble gases.

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Bell-ringer
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