Earth Science Review

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Earth Science Review

• This is review for the GA Milestones test.
• On a piece of notebook paper, head your paper
  with your name, homeroom and Earth Science.
  Number your paper - 1-50. You only need to write
  the letter of the correct answer on your paper.
  You are welcome to use your ISN or your book to
  answer the questions. You may work with a partner
  if you pick your partner wisely.
• Good luck and turn it in to the science basket
  when you are done.

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Question 1

• Which one of the following is MOST LIKELY
• to make a rock break open?
• A. dew evaporating on the rock
• B. tree leaves decaying on the rock
• C. snow melting in a crack in the rock
• D. water freezing in a crack in the rock

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Question 2

• What instrument does a geologist use
• to record the motions produced by an
• earthquake?
• A. a seismograph
• B. an anemometer
• C. a spectrograph
• D. an optometer

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Question 3

• In which state would an earthquake MOST
• LIKELY occur?
• A. Kentucky
• B. Georgia
• C. California
• D. Oklahoma

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Question 4

• Why are the rocks and pebbles found in
• riverbeds usually smooth?
• A. The rocks are very old.
• B. Animals in the river keep rubbing against the
  rocks.
• C. Rivers only flow where rocks are smooth.
• D. The rocks are worn smooth by rubbing against
  other rocks.

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Question 5

• The time it takes for a mountain range to
• form is
• A. less than 10 years.
• B. between 10 and 50 years.
• C. between 50 and 100 years.
• D. more than 100 years.

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Question 6

• Which statement describes a volcano
• erupting?
• A. Glacier materials are moved by gravity.
• B. Magma is forced out of an opening in Earth's
  crust.
• C. Pressure in Earth's crust causes layers of
  rock to slide.
• D. Pressure in Earth's crust becomes so great
  that the layers of rock buckle and fold

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Question 7

• In many places, sand is being pumped from
• the sea floor onto the beaches. Why is there
• a need to put sand on beaches?
• A. The sand on the beaches wears out.
• B. Wave action causes erosion of the sand.
• C. Too much sand is piled into sand dunes.
• D. Old, dirty sand has to be replaced.

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Question 8

• Which example shows how Earth's surface
• has been changed by fast-moving water?
• A. earthquake
• B. canyon
• C. volcano
• D. freshwater lake

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Question 9

• Which is an example of chemical
• weathering?
• A. rocks hitting each other in a swift river
• B. a strong wind blowing sand through a canyon
• C. ice forming in cracks in rocks
• D. acidic water dissolving limestone

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Question 10

• Which solution helps to control floods?
• A. using contour plowing
• B. building bridges over rivers that flood
• C. building control dams and levees
• D. creating deltas at the end of rivers that
  flood

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Question 11

• Which conservation method would help
• prevent erosion of topsoil from a large field
• that is flat and unprotected?
• A. building windbreaks
• B. dam construction
• C. contour plowing
• D. building terraces

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Question 12

• Do earthquakes occur underwater?
• A. No, earthquakes have to occur on land.
• B. Yes, and they can cause huge tidal waves to
  occur.
• C. No, only volcanoes occur underwater.
• D. Yes, but they have no effect on the ocean
  waters.

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Question 13

• The natural process of rocks gradually
• breaking up and being worn away over time
• is known as
• A. weathering.
• B. cementing.
• C. sedimentation.
• D. melting.

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Question 14

• Where does most eroded soil end up?
• A. in new agricultural lands
• B. in the desert
• C. in the sediment of rivers
• D. in rock slides

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Question 15

• The flattest part of the ocean floor is the
• A. trench.
• B. abyssal plain.
• C. continental shelf.
• D. mid-ocean rift valley.

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Question 16

• In which of the following areas would soil
• erosion MOST LIKELY occur if they
• received the same amount of rainfall?
• A. a forest
• B. flat agricultural lands
• C. agricultural lands on steep slopes
• D. restored prairies

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Question 17

• Because of the formation of new crust on its
• floor, the Atlantic Ocean
• A. is growing wider.
• B. is getting narrower.
• C. has fewer mountains.
• D. has lost some of its fishing grounds.

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Question 18

• Water inside a rock crevice can split it apart
• when the temperature drops because
• A. cold water dissolves rock.
• B. water expands when it freezes.
• C. water causes the growth of plant roots.
• D. the cold makes the rock very brittle.

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Question 19

• Waves on the Atlantic Ocean are caused by
• A. the Gulf Stream.
• B. the tidal current.
• C. the wind.
• D. the jet stream.

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Question 20

• Which characteristic of oceans shows that
• they are in constant motion?
• A. their organisms
• B. their shape
• C. their depth
• D. their tides

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Question 21

• "Rivers" of water in oceans and other bodies
• of water are called
• A. currents.
• B. tides.
• C. surf.
• D. sandbars.

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Question 22

• Today, oceanographers map the ocean floor
• using sonar techniques. These techniques
• were adapted from the original sonar
• systems developed for
• A. divers.
• B. locating fish.
• C. submarine detection.
• D. communicating with dolphins.

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Question 23

• Which is washed away MOST EASILY by
• erosion?
• A. topsoil
• B. subsoil
• C. bedrock
• D. magma

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Question 24

• Changes in Earth's surface can be slow or
• fast. Which of these is the BEST example of
• a slow change?
• A. volcanic eruption
• B. weathering
• C. landslide
• D. earthquake

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Question 25

• When a volcano no longer erupts, the
• magma inside the vent cools and forms
• A. melted igneous rock.
• B. ash.
• C. cinders.
• D. solid igneous rock

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Question 26

• How were the Hawaiian islands formed?
• A. by an earthquake
• B. by volcanoes
• C. by tidal waves
• D. by wind erosion

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Question 27

• Mr. Gramza owns a large farm in
• southwestern Georgia. This year, he plans to
  leave
• several fields fallow (without crops). What
  should
• Mr. Gramza do to prevent soil erosion on the
• empty fields?
• A. Plant grass to hold the soil.
• B. Water the empty fields regularly.
• C. Fertilize the soil throughout the growing
  season.
• D. Plow the soil deeply and regularly.

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Question 28

• Which describes the landform from which
• melted rock is forced out of an opening in
• Earth's surface?
• A. fault
• B. erosion
• C. volcano
• D. folded mountain

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Question 29

• Which causes some parts of the ocean to be
• saltier than other parts?
• A. cruise ships
• B. river sediments
• C. fishing industry
• D. ocean organisms

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Question 30

• The Mississippi River deposits soil as it
• empties into the Gulf of Mexico. This
• example shows that
• A. rocks can dissolve in water.
• B. flowing water carries soil from place to
  place.
• C. salt water is denser than freshwater.
• D. Earth's land area keeps growing.

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Question 31

• The formation of a gorge is MOST LIKELY a
• result of
• A. earthquakes.
• B. volcanoes.
• C. water erosion.
• D. plate tectonics.

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Question 32

• Which is NOT an effect of sewage put into
• the ocean?
• A. growth of bacteria
• B. growth of algae
• C. growth of coral
• D. death of marine life

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Question 33

• Which explains how water in a river erodes a
  rock?
• A. The water's weight compresses rock molecules.
• B. The rock becomes filled with water and breaks
  apart.
• C. The water dissolves the outer part of the
  rock.
• D. The particles carried by the water grind the
  rock down.

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Question 34

• Which landform results when one of Earth's
• plates slides past another?
• A. faults
• B. plateaus
• C. mountains
• D. deltas

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Question 35

• Your teacher tells you to bring an item to
• class that shows evidence of erosion. Which
• of the following would be the BEST to bring?
• A. a piece of lava from a volcanic area
• B. a crystal from the inside of a geode
• C. a piece of slate from a slate quarry
• D. a round rock from a streambed

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Question 36

• A moving portion of Earth's crust and upper
  mantle is called aA. fault. B. fold. C.
  plate. D. ridge.

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Question 37

• What is a common cause of mudflows?A. strong
  winds B. extreme cold C. extreme heat D. heavy
  rains

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Question 38

• Waves breaking on a beach will change it over
  time. If sediments are moved into the ocean by
  wave action,A. the beach area will decrease. B.
  the beach area will increase. C. the beach area
  will become more level. D. the particles on the
  beach will become smaller.

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Question 39

• What causes earthquakes?A. energy being released
  when crustal plates move B. energy from a
  hurricane or tornado C. energy that builds up
  inside a volcanic mountain D. energy being
  released when erosion occurs

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Question 40

• What causes the MOST erosion on Earth?A. running
  water B. wind C. chemical action D. glaciers

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Question 41

• Technology can help to control the natural force
  of
• A. volcanoes. B. water. C. earthquakes. D.
  plate tectonics

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Question 42

• Which is a device that is used to gather
  information about formations on the ocean
  bottom?A. sonar B. radar C. MRI D. laser

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Question 43

• Which landforms are a result of deposition?A.
  beaches and river deltas B. mountains and
  valleys C. bays and peninsulas D. plateaus and
  mesas

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Question 44

• Limestone is a sedimentary rock. How does acid
  rain affect limestone?A. Acid rain causes
  limestone to become magma. B. Acid rain turns
  limestone into slate. C. Acid rain builds up
  limestone. D. Acid rain breaks down limestone.

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Question 45

• Which human activity does NOT help control water
  runoff?A. contour plowing B. planting crops C.
  building flood control dams D. paving with
  asphalt

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Question 46

• Mount Arenal, a volcano in Costa Rica, is
  erupting. Heat is being released during the
  eruption. The source of the heat isA. the Sun.
  B. pools of underground water. C. deep within
  Earth. D. decaying plants and animals.

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Question 47

• During winter's cold weather, water within cracks
  in rocks freezes, expands, and causes the rocks
  to break. This process is calledA. weathering.
  B. erosion. C. despoiling. D. purging

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Question 48

• Which conditions are necessary for dust storms to
  occur?A. wet, humid conditions B. cold, cloudy
  conditions C. dry, windy conditions D. hot,
  moist conditions

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Question 49

• What hard-shelled ocean creature attaches itself
  to rocks, piers, large fish, and other underwater
  objects?
• A. plankton B. coral C. barnacle D. algae

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Question 50

• Major earthquakes are caused byA. molten lava.
  B. underground rivers. C. pressures inside
  Earth. D. violent weather.