??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? Vertical segregation of the biolimiting elements

1
??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????Vertical
segregation of the biolimiting elements
2
????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???????

• ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????
  ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????
• ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ???
  ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????
• ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???
  ????????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???????
  ???????

3

• ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???
  ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????
  ??????? ????????
• ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???
  ???????? ????????
• ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ???????
  ??????soft tissues (?????????? ????????) ??????
  ????? ??????? ?????? hard skeletons (????????)
• ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????
  ???????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????
  ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????
  ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????
• ???? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????
  ???????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????
• ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????
  ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???
  ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????
  ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????

4

• ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????
  ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????
  ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????
• ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????????
  ???????-?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???????
• ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????
  ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????
  ????? ??????? ??????-????? ????? ???????? ??? ??
  ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??
  ??????? ?? ?????

5
(No Transcript)
6
????? ??????? (????? ?????)Box model (Broecker
model)

• ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????
  ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????
  ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????
  ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????
  ????????
• ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????
  ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? recycling
  effeciency
• ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????
  ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????
  ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????
• ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????
  ????? ??????
• ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????
  ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???????
  ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????
  ??????? ??????? ???????

7
(No Transcript)
8

• ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????
  ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????
  upwelling ??????? ?????? downwelling.
• ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????
  ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????
  ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????.
• ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????
  ???????? ??????-??????.
• ??????? ?? ??? ?????????? (?????? ???????
  ????????) ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???????
  ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????
  ?????? ???????
• ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????
  ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????
  ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? (?mix) ????? 300
  ??
• ???? ?mix ??? 300??/??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????
  ????? ??????? ????? 14?? ??? ?????

9

• ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????
  ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??????
  ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????
  ??????? ??????? ???????
• ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??
  ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???????
  ??????? ?? ?????? ??????
• ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????
  ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??
  ???????
• ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??
  ?????????? ??????

10

• ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???
  ????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???
  ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????
  ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????
  ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????
• ?????? 1
• ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? (Flux) ???? ??????
  ???? ????? ?????? ?????? (C) ?????? ?????? ??????
  (?) ????????
• ?????? 2

11
(No Transcript)
12

• ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????
  ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? (Cdeep)
  ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? (?mix)
• ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????
  (Csurface) ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????
  ????? ????? (?mix)
• ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????
  ?? ????? (Criver) ????? ?????? ???????? ?????
  ?????? ??????? ?????? (?river) ????? ???? ???????
  ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????
  ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????

13

• ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? (particle flux)
  ???? ?? ?????? P ????? ????? ????? ?????? 2 ???
  ?????
• ?????? 3
• ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???
  ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???
  ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? g ?????
  ????????
• ?????? 4

14

• ???????? 4 ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???
  ?mix ? Criver
• ?????? 5
• ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?mix/vriver ???? ?????? 5
  ??????
• ?????? 6

15

• ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? 32x1015
  ???/???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????
  ????? ??? ????? (3.6x1018 ??2) ??? ??? ???????
  ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? 10 ???
  ???? ?? ?mix300 ??/??? ???? ?mix/vriver30 ????
  ???????? 6 ???? ??????
• ?????? 7

16

• ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????
  ??? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????
  ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? Cdeep/Csurfac5
  ??? ?? Csurface/Criver0.25 ????? ??? ???? g ????
  0.95 ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????
  ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? 95 ?? ????????
  ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????
  ?????.
• ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???
  ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? 10 ???? ??? ?? ?????
  ??? ?????? ???????

17

• ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????
  ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????
• ?????? 8
• ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??
  ???????
• ?????? 9
• ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? P ????? ???
  ?????? ???????

18

• ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? f
  ?? P
• ?????? 10
• ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???
  ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???
  ????????
• ?????? 11

19

• ?? ???? ????? ?????? 12
• ???????? ?? ???????? 3
• ?????? 13
• ???? ???? ???????
• ?????? 14

20

• ???????? ????? vmix/vriver 30 ???? ???
• ?????? 15
• ??????? f0.01 ??? ???? ?? ???? 1 ?? ????? ??
  ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????
  ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? 99 ??
  ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????

21

• ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????
  ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????
  ??? ????? ????? ????????
• ?????? 16
• ??????? f.g 0.01 x 0.95 0.01
• ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? 1 ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????
  ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???????
• ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? 1000 ??? ????? ???
  ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????????

22

• ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????
• ?????? 17