An individual

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• An individuals unique and relatively consistent
  patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving

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Personality
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• Sigmund Freuds theory of personality, which
  emphasizes unconscious determinants of behavior,
  sexual and aggressive instinctual drives, and the
  enduring effects of early childhood experiences
  on later personality development

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Psychoanalysis

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• A psychoanalytic technique in which the patient
  spontaneously repots all thoughts,feelings, and
  mental images as they come to mind

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Free association

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• In Freuds theory, a term used to describe
  thoughts, feelings, wishes, and drives that are
  operating below the level of conscious awareness

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Unconscious

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• In Freuds theory, the completely unconscious,
  irrational component of personality that seeks
  immediate satisfaction or instinctual urges and
  drives ruled by the pleasure principle

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Id

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• In Freuds theory, the motive to obtain pleasure
  and avoid tension or discomfort the most
  fundamental human motive and the guiding
  principle of the id

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Pleasure Principle

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• In Freuds theory, the part of personality that
  mediates the demands of the id without going
  against the restraints of the superego
• Follows the reality principle

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Ego

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• In Freuds theory, ones conscience focuses on
  what the person should do.

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Superego

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• Unconscious mental processes employed by the
  ego to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting
  reality.

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defense mechanisms

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• Puts anxiety-producing thoughts, feelings, and
  memories into the unconscious mind

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Repression

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• Shifts an unacceptable impulse toward a more
  acceptable or less threatening object or person

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Displacement

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• Defense mechanism that involves redirecting
  sexual urges toward productive, socially
  acceptable, nonsexual activities

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Sublimation

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• Allows an anxious person to retreat to a more
  comfortable, infantile stage of life

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• Regression

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• Replacing an unacceptable wish with its opposite

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• Reaction Formation

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• Reducing anxiety by attributing unacceptable
  impulses or problems about yourself to someone
  else

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• Projection

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• Displaces real, anxiety-provoking explanations
  with more comforting justifications for ones
  actions

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• Rationalization

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• In Freuds theory, age related developmental
  periods in which the childs sexual urges are
  expressed through different areas of the body and
  those activities associated with those areas

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Psychosexual stages

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• In Freuds theory, a childs unconscious desire
  for the opposite-sex parent, usually by hostile
  feelings toward the same-sex parent

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Oedipus complex

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• Stage where pleasure comes from chewing, biting,
  and sucking.

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• Oral

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• Gratification comes from bowel and bladders
  functions.

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• Anal

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Psychosexual Stage that

• Focus of pleasure shifts to the genitals
• Sexual attraction for opposite sex parent
• Child identifies with and tries to mimic the same
  sex parent to learn gender identity.

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• Phallic Stage

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Psychosexual Stage where

• Sexuality is repressed due to intense anxiety
  caused by Oedipus complex
• Children participate in hobbies, school, and
  same-sex friendships that strengthen their sexual
  identity

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• Latency Stage

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In this Psychosexual Stage

• Incestuous sexual feelings re-emerge but being
  prohibited by the superego are redirected toward
  others who resemble the persons opposite sex
  parent.
• Maturation of sexual interests

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• Genital Stage

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• In Jungs theory, the hypothesized part of the
  unconscious mind that is inherited from previous
  generations and that contains universally shared
  ancestral experiences and ideas.

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collective unconscious

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• In Jungs theory, the inherited mental images of
  universal human instincts, themes, and
  preoccupations that are the main components of
  the collective unconscious
• Examples powerful father, nurturing mother,
  witch, wise old man, innocent child, death
  rebirth, etc

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Archetype

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• The theoretical viewpoint on personality that
  generally emphasizes the inherent goodness of
  people, human potential, self-actualization, the
  self-concept, and healthy personality development

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Humanistic Psychology

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• In Rogers theory these are the set of
  perceptions and beliefs that you hold about
  yourself

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Self-concept

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• in Rogers theory, the sense that you will be
  valued and loved only if you will behave in a way
  that is acceptable to others

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Conditional positive regard

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• In Rogers theory, the sense that you will be
  valued and loved even if you dont conform to the
  standards and expectations of others

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Unconditional Positive Regard

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• Banduras theory of personality, which emphasizes
  the importance of observational learning,
  conscious cognitive processes, social
  experiences, self- efficacy beliefs, and
  reciprocal determinations

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Social Learning theory

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• A relatively stable, enduring predisposition to
  consistently behave in a certain way

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trait

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• A theory of personality that focuses on
  identifying, describing, and measuring individual
  differences

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Trait Theory

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• Personality characteristics or attributes that
  can easily be inferred from observation behavior

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surface traits

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• The most fundamental dimension of personality
  the broad, basic traits that are hypothesized to
  be universal and relatively few in number

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Source traits

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• A trait theory of personality that identifies
  five basic source traits as fundamental building
  blocks of personality
• Extra-version,
• Neuroticism
• Agreeableness
• Conscientiousness
• Openness to experience

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Five-Factor Model of Personality

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• A type of personality test that involves a
  persons interpreting an ambiguous image used to
  assess unconscious motives, conflicts,
  psychological defenses, and personality trait
• Inkblot tests are examples of these.

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Projective test

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• Austrian physician who broke up with Sigmund
  Freud and developed his own psychoanalytical
  theory of personality, which emphasized social
  factors and the motivation toward
  self-improvement and self-realization key ideas
  include inferiority complex and superiority
  complex

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Alfred Adler

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• Contemporary American psychologist who is best
  known for his research on observational learning
  and his social learning theory of personality

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Albert Bandura
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• British-born American psychologist who developed
  a trait theory that identifies 16 essential
  source traits or personality factors also
  developed the widely used self-report personality
  test, the sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire

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Raymond Cattell

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• German-born British psychologist who developed
  a trait theory of personality as neuroticism,
  extraversion, and psychoticism
• Said there were 3 different source traits

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Hans Eysenek

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• Austrian neurologist who founded psychoanalysis,
  which is both a comprehensive theory of
  personality and a form of psychotherapy
  emphasized the role of unconscious determinants
  of behavior and early childhood experiences in
  the developmental of personality and
  psychological problems key ideas include id,
  ego, and superego the psychosexual stages of
  development and the ego defense mechanism

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Sigmund Freud

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• German-born American psychoanalysist who
  emphasized the rule of social relationships and
  culture in personality sharply disagreed with
  Freuds theory characterization of female
  psychological development, especially his notion
  that women suffer penis envy key ideas include
  basic anxiety

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Karen Horney

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• Swiss psychiatrist who broke with Sigmund Freud
  to develop his own psychoanalytical theory of
  personality, which stressed striving toward
  psychological harmony key ideas include the
  collective unconscious and archetype

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Carl G. Jung

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• American psychologist who was on of the founders
  of humanistic psychology and emphasized the study
  of healthy personality development developed a
  theory of motivation based on the idea that
  people will strive for self-actualization, the
  highest motive, only after more basic needs have
  been met

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Abraham Maslow
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• Developed theory of personality and form of
  psychotherapy that emphasized the inherent
• worth of people, the innate tendency to strive
  for ones potential, and the importance of the
  self-concept on personality development

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Carl Rogers

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• Studied the English dictionary and found more
  than 4,000 words describing specific personality
  traits.
• Assumed traits are inherited and fixed in the
  nervous system.

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• Gordon Allport

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• Theorist who said your body type determines your
  personality

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• William Sheldon

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• Two Learning Theorists who said
• External factors shape our behaviors and
  personality.
• Our personality is molded by reinforcements given
  to us.

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• John B. Watson
• B.F. Skinner

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• Cultures where people define themselves according
  to their personal identity give priority to
  personal goals.

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• Individualism

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• Cultures where people define themselves according
  to the group they belong to. Their goals are the
  goals of the group.

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• Collectivism

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• Process of adapting to a new or different culture.

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• Acculturation