Nervous System

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Nervous System
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Two parts of nervous system

1. Central (brain and spinal cord)
2. Peripheral (somatic and autonomic nerves)

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Functions

• Coordination of the physical movement of the body
  as well as responding to the action of all the
  senses of hearing, sight, smell, taste, and touch
• Enables animals to react to the internal and
  external stimuli in their environment

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Neurons

• Nerve Cells

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Axon

• Single, long fiber in neurons

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Dendrites

• Several, branched threads in neurons

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Synapse

• Point at which the dentrite connects to the axon

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Nerve Trunks

• Bundles of neurons

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Gangloins

• Nerve bundles which occur outside of the brain or
  spinal cord

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Sensory or Afferent Neurons

• Nerve cells that receive stimuli and carry them
  to the central nervous systems

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Parts of the Brain
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Cerebrum

• Largest part of the brain
• Responsible for decision-making or thinking
  process that controls voluntary muscle activity
  and reacts to stimuli of the senses
• Damage will not cause all body functions to stop

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Cerebellum

• Coordinator of the message from other parts of
  the brain to the body
• Damage will not cause paralysis

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Pons and Medulla Oblangota

• Controls reflex actions such as blinking,
  vomiting, breathing, and swallowing

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Spinal Cord

• Main avenue from message transferal between the
  brain and other parts of the body

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Motor Nerve Fibers

• Transmit the responses from the brain back to the
  body

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Somatic Nerves

• Include all nerve structures located outside of
  the brain and spinal cord which control the
  functions of body tissue other than organs
• (parts of the peripheral nervous system)

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Autonomic Nerves

• Located outside the central nervous system
• Relatively independent
• Controls the functions of involuntary muscles in
  internal organs (heart and stomach)
• Transmit messages between the brain and
  involuntary muscles (part of the peripheral
  nervous system)