Exploring the Religions of Our World

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Exploring the Religions of Our World
Chapter 2 Judaism
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Chapter 2 Judaism

• A Living Religion
• 1. Judaism is the religion practiced by Jesus
  when he was living on earth.
• 2. Judaism is the religion of the Hebrew Bible
  and a religion still longing for Gods chosen
  one.
• 3. Being a Jew has both an ethnic and a
  religious connotation.
• 4. A religious Jew practices Judaism. An ethnic
  Jew may or may not practice Judaism.

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Chapter 2 Judaism

• Periods of Jewish History

Biblical Period 1800 BCE 323 CE
Medieval Period 639 - 1783 CE
Rabbinic Period 323 BCE 637 CE
Modern Period 1783 - present
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Chapter 2 Judaism

• Periods of Jewish History

• Page 29

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Chapter 2 Judaism

• Modern Judaism
• Reform Judaism advocates full integration into
  the culture where one lives
• Conservative Judaism counteracts reformed
  Judaism, modifying Jewish traditions in a limited
  manner
• Orthodox Judaism the most traditional wing,
  insists its members strictly follow the Torah
• Reconstructionist Judaism advocates Judaism as
  a culture, not only a religion

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Study Questions p. 43

• What did the Hebrews become in the 40 years it
  took to return to Canaan from Egypt?
• The Hebrews became a convenantal community, owing
  their allegiance to God.

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Study Questions p. 43

• After the death of Solomon, why did the kingdom
  become more vulnerable to outside attacks?
• The kingdom was divided into two after Solomon's
  death North 10 tribes, the South two tribes
• Both kingdoms weakened and fell prey to idolatry.
• Israel fell to Assyrians in 722BCE Judah
  conquered Babylon two centuries later

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Study Questions p. 43

• What is the diaspora?
• The diaspora originally referred to the large
  community of Jews who lived outside of Palestine.
  
• Driven out by foreign conquerors, the Jews were
  dispersed and set up Jewish communities
  throughout the world.
• Today, it refers to all Jews outside of Israel.

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Study Questions p. 43

• According to Rabbi Hillel, what is the summation
  of the Torah?
• Whatever is hateful to you, you are not to do to
  your neighbor.

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Study Questions p. 43

• Who is Moses Maimonides, and what did he argue
  for?
• He was a medieval Jewish philosopher who argued
  that there was no contradiction between Aristotle
  and the Jewish religion.

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Study Questions p. 43

• Define Hadism
• A spiritual movement founded by Rabbi Israel ben
  Eliezer in the 18th century.
• In an era of darkness and persecution, he
  stressed the presence of God light in all
  aspects of Jewish life.
• It was a comforting teaching that helped Jews
  endure trials.

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Study Questions p. 43

• Name the four types of Judaism in the Modern era.
• Orthodox literal interpretation of the Torah
• Conservative Modify Jewish traditions in a
  limited manner
• Reformed advocate full integration into the
  culture where one lives
• Reconstructionist Advocate Judaism as a
  culture rather than a religion

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Chapter 2 Judaism
Sacred writings
Torah First five books

• Tanakh
• The Hebrew Bible

Neviim Prophets
Ketuvim Writings
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Chapter 2 Judaism

• Other sacred writings

Jerusalem Talmud commentary
Midrash Biblical interpretation
Babylonian Talmud commentary
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Chapter 2 Judaism

• Beliefs and Practices

Shma Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the
Lord is One (Deuteronomy 64)
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Chapter 2 Judaism

• Beliefs and Practices (continued)

Mitzva 613 commandments

• God gave Moses Two Torahs
• Oral
• Written
• Judaism can be summed up in three words
• God Torah, Israel

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Chapter 2 Judaism

• Beliefs and Practices (continued)

Gods covenant with Israel The Chosen
People

I have given you as a covenant to the people, a
light to the nations (Isaiah 426)
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Chapter 2 Judaism

• Sacred Times

Annual Feasts Rosh Hashanah - Jewish New Year,
feast of Trumpets Yom Kippur Day of Atonement
(10 days after Rosh Hashanah ) Pesach Passover
(Gods saving Hebrews) Sukkot Feast of
Tabernacles/Booths (Desert times) Shavuot
Harvest festival / Moses reception of
Torah Hanukkah Festival of Lights
(menorah) Purim Feast of Lots
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Chapter 2 Judaism

• Sacred Times (continued)

• Shabbat the Jewish Sabbath
• Weekly event
• Begins Sunset Friday through sunset Saturday
• Obedience to fourth commandment
• Jews rest on the seventh day, as God did
• Shabbat dinner Friday evening
• Celebrated as a family with Ritual Prayers,
  candles, wine, bread (at home more than the
  synagogue

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Chapter 2 Judaism

• Sacred Places and Sacred Spaces
• Temple is associated with ritual sacrifices
• Temple was destroyed in 70 CE

Synagogue House of prayer House of
study House of assembly
Home Sabbath and Passover Prayer
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Chapter 2 Judaism

• Sacred Places and Sacred Spaces (continued)
• At Passover, Jews pray, Next year in Jerusalem

• Land of Israel (AKA)
• Israel
• Canaan
• Promised Land
• Judea
• Palestine
• State of Israel

• Jerusalem (AKA)
• Holiest city
• City of David
• Temple
• Holy city for Judaism, Christianity, Islam

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Chapter 2 Judaism

• Judaism through a Catholic Lens

Judaism
Christianity
Commonalities History Scripture Liturgy Rituals Th
eology
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Chapter 2 Judaism

• Judaism through a Catholic Lens (continued)
• Differences

Judaism
Christianity
Still awaits a Messiah or messianic age to
come Messiah would be a human (not God)
warrior-king, political figure from the House of
David
Jesus was the Messiah Jesus is God Jesus will
return at the 2nd coming
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Chapter 2 Judaism

• Judaism through a Catholic Lens (continued)
• Jewish influences in Catholicism

Jewish Christian The Hebrew Bible
Old Testament Passover meal The Lords
Supper Passover Holy Thursday Shavuot
Pentecost
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Chapter 2 Judaism - Vocabulary

• Torah
• Idolatry
• Diaspora
• Hellenization
• Septuagint
• Sadducees
• Pharisees
• Essenes
• Rabbi
• Talmud
• Monotheistic

• Pogroms
• Yiddish
• Hasidism
• Zionism
• Tanak
• Mishnah
• Midrash
• Shma
• Conversos
• Holy of Holies

• Mitzvoth
• Covenant
• Shabbat
• Pesach
• Yom Kippur
• Rosh Hashanah
• Mezuzah
• Kosher
• Arranged marriage

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Chapter 2 Judaism - Vocabulary

• Torah 1st five books of the Bible, Pentateuch,
• Idolatry giving worship to something other than
  God
• Diaspora Jews living outside Judea (Holy Land)
• Hellenization The adoption of Greek ways and
  speech
• Septuagint 70 translators of Jewish
  scriptures to Greek
• Sadducees Jewish leaders who strictly
  interpreted Torah
• Pharisees Loose interpretation of Torah
  (resurrection)
• Essenes Monastic Jews responsible for Dead Sea
  scrolls
• Rabbi My Teacher religious leader who teaches
  and judges
• Talmud Books of commentaries on the
  interpretation of Torah
• Monotheistic A belief on one God
• Shoah Hebrew for calamity, refers to
  holocaust in WWII

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Chapter 2 Judaism - Vocabulary

• Pogrom the massacre and expulsion of a minority
• Yiddish a language developed from German and
  Hebrew
• Hasidism Meaning pious, founded by devout
  Polish Jews, called Orthodox Jews today
• Zionism the movement which sought the creation
  of a Jewish home state (now Israel)
• Tanakh - The Hebrew word for the Jewish bible
• Mitzvot A commandment of the Jewish law
• Mishnah the oral Torah or teaching
• Midrash Biblical interpretation typically found
  in the Talmud's, which can provide answers for
  every situation in life
• Shma Hear O Israel, the Lord our God, the
  Lord is One Dt 64

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Chapter 2 Judaism - Vocabulary

• Covenant a binding, solemn agreement or sacred
  promise between God and His people
• Shabbat The Sabbath, begins at sunset on Friday
• Pesach Passover, an annual meal celebrating the
  Exodus
• Yom Kippur - Day of Atonement, the holiest day
  of the year
• Mezuzah the parchment of Shma in the right
  doorpost
• Kosher Hebrew for proper, refers to permitted
  dietary laws
• Rosh Hashanah Jewish New Year
• Holy of Holies The sanctuary inside the
  tabernacle in the Temple of Jerusalem
• Conversos the Spanish Jews who converted to
  Christianity at the time of the Spanish
  Inquisition