The Columbian Exchange

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The
Columbian
Exchange

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Columbian Exchange

• When explorers created contacted between Europe
  the Americas, the interaction with Native
  Americans led to BIG cultural changes.
• The Columbian Exchange is the exchange of
  physical elements such as, plants, animals,
  diseases, and weapons.

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Animals

• During this time period, the ONLY domesticated
  animals in the Americas wereLLAMAS!
• European explorers brought horses, pigs, cattle,
  sheep.
• This completely changed the way that the land was
  used!

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Plants

• With all of these new farm animals, it was time
  to start planting crops.
• Europeans brought cash crops to the Americas
  sugar, rice, wheat, coffee, bananas, grapes.
• These new crops flourished in the Americas.

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Plants

• Europeans find crops in the Americas
• Maize (corn), tomatoes, tobacco, cacao
  (chocolate), beans, and cotton.
• They bring these plants back to Europe, where
  they are very popular.
• ThinkItalian spaghettiWhat if they never had
  tomatoes?

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Diseases

• Europeans (unknowingly) brought over diseases
  that the natives werent immune to. These
  diseases spread by air touch.
• Smallpox, measles, diphtheria, whooping cough,
  chickenpox, bubonic plague, scarlet fever,
  influenza were the most common.

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Old World (Europe, Asia, Africa) Contribution New World (The Americas)
Apples, bananas, citrus fruits, grapes, melons, peaches, pears Fruits Pineapples, tomatoes, papaya, strawberries
Broccoli, cabbage, carrots, lettuce, onions, radishes Vegetables Avocados, green beans, pumpkins squash
Barley, oats, rice, rye, wheat Grains Maize (corn)
Black pepper, cinnamon, cloves, ginger Spices Chili peppers, vanilla
Coffee, tea Drinks Chocolate
Sugar cane, olives Other Plants Tobacco
Cattle, chickens, donkeys, goats, horses, pigs, sheep Animals Guinea pigs, llamas, turkeys
Cholera, malaria, measles, mumps, small pox, typhoid, yellow fever Diseases Syphilis
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Devastating Effects

• Natives had no natural resistance to European
  diseases and the population dramatically
  decreased for decades.
• Inca empire decreased from 13 million to 2
  million in 1600.
• North American population fell from 2 million in
  1492 to 500,000 in 1900.

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Devastating Effects

• Europeans need labor to cultivate all the new
  crops in the Americas, but there werent many
  natives left because of diseases.
• Europeans look to Africa for labor and begin to
  steal Africans to work as slaves in the Americas.

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Impact

• Different Foods Animals
• Over time, crops native to the Americas became
  staples in the diets of Europeans.
• These foods provided nutrition, thus helping
  people live longer.
• Economics
• Activities like cattle ranching and coffee
  growing were not possible before this time.

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Effects Around the Globe

• The Columbian Exchange not only impacted Europe
  the Americas, but also
• China
• Arrival of easy-to-grow, nutritious corn helped
  the population grow tremendously.
• Africa
• Two native crops of Americascorn
  peanuts--among most widely grown today
• Scholars estimate one-third of all food crops
  grown in the world are of American origin!

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Lets Review

• What was the Columbian Exchange?
• What was the only domesticated animal in Latin
  America?
• Which animals did the Europeans bring to Latin
  America?
• What are some native crops that the Europeans
  brought back to Europe?
• What did many natives die from?
• Why did diseases kill so many natives?
• Who did the Europeans get to work on plantations
  and in mines when most of the native population
  had died?
• What is an example of a traditional cuisine
  that was created after the Columbian Exchange?

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Who Am I?
I introduced the horse.
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Who Am I?
I introduced tomatoes.
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Who Am I?
I introduced cacao (chocolate).
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Who Am I?
I introduced smallpox.
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Who Am I?
I introduced weapons.
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Who Am I?
I introduced potatoes.
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Who Am I?
I introduced corn.
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Who Am I?
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Thumb-Print Comic

• We are going to create finger-print comic strips
  about the Columbian Exchange.
• You will need to have 8 different scenes that
  explain the Columbian Exchange.
• Check out some examples

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Columbian Exchange Comic Strips!
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(No Transcript)
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• Teachers
• Give each student a copy of the graphic
  organizer pages (print front back to save
  paper/ink). They will complete this organizer
  first, and then use it to create an I Am poem
  about the Columbian Exchange.
• (See Example at the end.)

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First Stanza
I am (Two special characteristics the person or thing has)
I wonder (something the person or thing could actually be curious about)
I hear (an imaginary or actual sound)
I see (an imaginary or actual sight)
I want (a desire)
I am (the first line of the poem is repeated)
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Second Stanza
I pretend (something the person or thing could pretend to do)
I feel (an emotion)
I touch (an imaginary touch)
I worry ((something that could actually bother the person or thing)
I cry for (something that could make the person or thing upset)
I am (the first line of the poem is repeated)
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Third Stanza
I understand (something the person or thing knows to be true)
I say (something the person or thing believes in)
I dream (something the person or thing could actually dream about)
I try (something the person or thing could make an effort to do)
I hope (something the person or thing could hope for)
I am (the first line of the poem is repeated)
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I Am Poem

• Imagine that you are a Native American,
  European explorer, crop (potato, tomato, corn),
  horse, pig, disease, etc. that was impacted by
  the Columbian Exchange.
• Fill in the lines of the graphic organizer with
  information about yourself.
• You may use the graphic organizer for
  brainstorming, but please write your final draft
  on a separate sheet of paper.
• Please illustrate your poem.

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• I Am the Horse
• I am furry and brown.
• I wonder if people notice the natives dying.
• I hear people groaning because of how bad they
  hurt.
• I see yellow and purple spots on them.
• I want to be ridden, but I cant.
• I am furry and brown.
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• I pretend my owner isnt sick and is riding me.
• I feel his presence on my back.
• I touch his hand with my nose.
• I worry he might die from disease too.
• I cry for him.
• I am furry and brown.
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• I understand that hes dead now.
• I say to myself, Dont go.
• I dream he rides me one last time.
• I try to hear his voice.