Second Industrial Revolution: la belle

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Second Industrial Revolution la belle époque

• European History

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Image page 652
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Science Triumphs Second IR

• SIGNIFICANCE
• 1) Impact of ideas and products wide spread
• 2) Optimism in human progress
• 3) Science only way to truth
• New Products
• Steel
• Chemicals
• Electricity
• Petroleum

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Steel

• lighter, smaller, faster machines, engines,
  ships, railways, and weapons
• By 1910 America 1 producer, Germany 2, GB 3

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Chemicals

• France Germany in lead
• Alkalies artificial dyes revolutionize soap,
  textile, paper industries
• Photographic plates and film
• Chemical fertilizers

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Electricity

• Thermodynamics
• Sig impacts heat, light, motion communication
• Michael Faraday electromagnetism (electric
  engine)
• Thomas Edison (AM) Joseph Swan (GB) - electric
  lighting
• Alexander Graham Bell (AM) telephone, 1876
• Guglielmo Marconi radio waves across Atlantic,
  1901
• Electric Streetcar Berlin, 1879
• Factories conveyor belts, cranes, machines

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Petroleum

• Internal combustion engine, 1878 (gas air)
• Gottlieb Daimler, 1886 light engine
• Automobile 19009000 cars 1916750,000
• Henry Ford (AM) mass production
• 1900 Zeppelin airship
• 1903 Wright Brothers
• WWI boom in aircraft industry
• 1919 1st commercial aircraft

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New Markets

• Increase in population growth
• Increase in wages (up 2/3)
• Decrease in price of food and manufactured
  products
• Gives rise to mass marketing department stores
  (pg. 654)

Macys, NYC 1908
Bon Marche, Paris 1867
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Tariffs Cartels (pg. 653)

• Protective tariffs What why?
• Cartels What why?

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Larger Factories

• Cartels need for larger, more efficient
  factories (1000 employees)
• Germany 205,000 (1882) to 879,000 (1907)
• Also GB, France Belgium
• Streamline production use of electric machines,
  precision tools assembly line

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Industrial Leadership

• GB passes the Industrial baton to _____________?
• Why? (pg. 654-655)

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Economic Zones by 1900

• Industrialized Zone GB, Belgium, Germany,
  France, Netherlands, Austro-Hungarian Empire
  (West), Italy (North)
• High standard of living, education, healthier,
  system of transportation
• Agricultural Zone Italy (south),
  Austro-Hungarian Empire (East), Spain, Portugal,
  Balkan kingdoms, Russia
• Providers of raw materials and food
• Decline in price of food makes farming difficult
  large farms develop
• By 1870 Russia and Japan begin industrialization
• World economy interdependency of goods
  products