Skeletal and Muscle Systems

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Skeletal and Muscle Systems

• Chapter 5

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Skeletal System

• Composed of bone and cartilage

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Periosteum

• Connective tissue that covers the bones surface

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Joint

• Union of two bones

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• Ligaments, Tendons, and a tough fibrous capsule
  provide stability to the joint

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Skeleton Stores

• Minerals (calcium and phosphorus
• Manufactures blood cells
• Stores fat in limb bones (in adults)

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Long bones found in limbs

• Support body weight
• Act as levers of propulsion

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Short found in knee and hockAid in shock of
impact
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Flat ribs, scapula, some in skullEncloses vital
organs
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Irregular bones unpaired bonesVertebrae and
some in skull
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• Bony growths (splints, spavins, and ringbone) are
  a result of injury to the periodsteum
• Periosteum nourishes the bone through blood
  vessels (like antlers)

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Cartilage

• Covers joints
• Diminishes effect of concussion and provide a
  smooth joint surface to minimize frictional
  resistance to movement

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• Axial Skeleton skull, spine, ribs, breastbone,
  pelvis, tail
• Appendicular Skeleton forelegs and hindlegs

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Muscle system

• Provides movement internally and externally
• Red flesh or lean meat
• 50 of the body weight

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3 types of muscles

• Smooth- involuntary
• Cardiac involuntary striated
• Striated or Skeletal

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Smooth Muscles

• Digestive system
• Uterus of females

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Peristalsis

• Wavelike contractions of digestive system
• Can contract for hours without getting fatigued

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Cardiac Muscle

• Only in the heart
• Contraction requires no nerve stimulus
• Split-second intervals of rest

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Striated or Skeletal Muscle

• Attached to bony levers
• Move the body voluntarily with control of the will