1.What consists of the heart, blood vessels,

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1.What consists of the heart, blood vessels,
blood
Circulatory system
2. What is the muscular hollow organ often called
the pump of the body
Heart
3.How big is the heart?
Approximately the size of a closed fist.
4. What cavity is the heart located in?
Mediastinal cavity , between the lungs, behind
the sternum above the diaphragm
5. What are the 3 layers of tissue that form the
heart?
Endocardium, myocardium, pericardium
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6.The muscular layer of the heart is the ?
myocardium
7. The smooth layer of cells that lines the
inside of the heart is continuous with the
inside of blood vessels?
endocardium
8. A double-layered membrane, or sac, that covers
the outside of the heart.
pericardium
9. A muscular wall that separates the heart into
a right left side, prevents blood from
moving between the right left sides of the
heart is the______?
septum
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10. The upper part of the septum is called
the_____?
Interatrial septum
11. The lower part of the septum is called
the____?
Interventricular septum
12. The heart is divided into 4 parts or
chambers. The upper chambers are called
the___________?
Atria
13. The lower chambers are called the____________?
ventricles
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14. Which part of the heart receives blood as it
returns from body cells_______.
Right atrium
15. Which part of the heart receives blood from
the right atrium pumps the blood into the
pulmonary artery, which carries the blood
to the lungs.
Right ventricle
16. Which part of the heart receives oxygenated
blood from the lungs?
The left atrium
17. Which part of the heart receives blood from
the left atrium pumps the blood into the
aorta for transport to the body cells_____?
The left ventricle
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18. What keeps the blood flowing in the right
direction?
One-way valves
19. This heart valve is located between the right
atrium the right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
20. This valve is located between the right
ventricle the pulmonary artery carries
blood to the lungs.
Pulmonary valve
21. This valve is located between the left atrium
left ventricle.
Mitral valve
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22. This valve is located between the left
ventricle the aorta____?
Aortic valve
23. The largest artery in the body is the______?
aorta
24. The only artery in the body which carries
unoxygenated blood_____?
Pulmonary artery
25. The cardiac cycle consists of a brief period
of rest called______?
diastole
26. The cardiac cycle in which the ventricles
contract__________?
systole
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27. The blood in the ______side of the heart is
low in___________ and high in
_____________?
Right, oxygen, carbon dioxide
28. What blood vessels bring the blood from the
lungs to the left side of the
heart_______?
Pulmonary veins
29. These are a group of nerve cells located in
the right atrium which send out an electrical
impulse that spreads out over the muscles in the
atria______?
Sinoatrial (SA) node, or the pacemaker
30. After the electrical impulse passes through
the atria it reaches the___________, a group
of nerve cells located between the atria
ventricles.
atrioventricular (AV) node
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31. To where does the AV node send the electrical
impulse________?
Bundle of His (which are nerve fibers in the
septum
32. The bundle of His divides into a_________and
________which carry the impulse down
through the ventricles.
Right bundle branch and left bundle branch
33. The bundle branches further subdivide into
the ___________, a network of nerve fibers
throughout the ventricles.
Purkinje fibers
34. The electrical conduction pattern occurs
approximately every______seconds.
0.8 seconds
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35. The movement of the electrical impulse can be
record on an________ used to detect
abnormal activity or disease.
ECG or EKG
36. Are abnormal heart rhythms and can be mild to
life- threatening_____?
Arrhythmias
37. An early contraction of the atria is
called__________?
Premature atrial contraction (PAC)
38. A condition in which the ventricles contract
at random without coordination decreases
or eliminates blood output is
called________?
Ventricle fibrillation
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39. What can be used to diagnose
arrhythmias_________________?
Cardiac monitors electrocardiograms
40. What is the device that shocks the heart with
an electrical current to stop the
uncoordinated contraction allow the SA node to
regain control?_____________
defibrillator
41. A small battery-powered device with
electrodes to regulate the hearts rhythm.
pacemaker
42.Which kind of pacemakers deliver electrical
impulses at a predetermined rate?
fixed
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43. Which type of pacemaker is the most common
deliver electrical impulses only when the
hearts own conduction system is not
responding correctly.
Demand pacemakers
44. Most manufactures still recommend that
people with pacemakers avoid close contact
with___________ ______________?
Microwave ovens digital cellular telephones
45. What are the 3 main types of blood vessels?
Arteries, capillaries, veins
46. These blood vessels carry blood away from the
heart_________.
arteries
47. The largest artery in the body is the______?
aorta
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48. The smallest branches of arteries are
called_______?
arterioles
49. Arterioles join with which blood vessels_____?
capillaries
50. Which blood vessels are more elastic because
they receive the blood as it is pumped from
the heart.
arteries
51. Which blood vessels connect arterioles with
venules____?
capillaries
52. How many layers of cells do capillaries have?
Only one layer of cells
53. The smallest branches of veins, which connect
with capillaries________?
venules
54.What are the 2 largest veins?
Superior vena cava inferior vena cava
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55. The blood vessels which brings the blood from
the upper part of the body to the right
atrium is the_____?
Superior vena cava
56. The blood vessels which brings the blood from
the lower part of the body to the right
atrium is the______?
Inferior vena cava
57. Which blood vessels are thinner have less
muscle tissue than do arteries?
veins
58. Most veins contain_______which keep the blood
from flowing in a backward direction.
valves
59. The ________that flows through the
circulatory system is often called a tissue
because it contains many kinds of cells.
blood
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60. How many quarts of blood are there in an
average adult?
4-6 quarts of blood
61. What are 6 functions of blood as it
circulates through the body?
1.Transports oxygen from the lungs to the body
cells.
2. Transports carbon dioxide from the body cells
to the lungs.
3. Transports nutrients from the digestive tract
to the body cells.
4. Transports metabolic waste from the body
cells to the organs of excretion.
5. Transports heat produced by various body parts.
6. Transports hormones produced by endocrine
glands to the body organs.
62. Blood is made of the fluid called________
formed or solid elements called________
_______?
Plasma, blood cells
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63.What substances make up Plasma?
90 water, blood proteins, such as fibrinogen
prothrombin, nutrients such as carbohydrates
proteins, mineral salts or electrolytes,
potassium, calcium, sodium, gases such as
carbon dioxide oxygen, metabolic waste
products, hormones, enzymes.
64. Why are fibrinogen prothrombin necessary?
Necessary for clotting
65. What are the 3 main kinds of blood cells?
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes
66. Where are erythrocytes (RBC) produced?
Red bone marrow
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67. How long do erythrocytes (RBC) live?
120 days
68. How many erythrocytes are in one cubic
millimeter (approximately 1 drop of blood?
4.5million to 5.5 million
69. What complex protein is found in the
erythrocyte?
hemoglobin
70. Hemoglobin carries both__________________.
Oxygen carbon dioxide
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71. What gives blood its characteristic red color?
Hemoglobin carrying oxygen
72. What color is the blood which contains less
oxygen?
Dark red with a bluish cast
73. Where are leukocytes (WBCs) produced?
Bone marrow lymph tissue
74. How long do leukocytes live?
3-9 days
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75. What is the normal leukocyte count per cubic
millimeter of blood?
5,000 to 10,000 per cubic millimeter
76. What is the main function of leukocytes?
Fight infection
77. What does the term phagocytosis mean?
The process of engulfing, ingesting
destroying of pathogens
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78. What are the 5 types of leukocytes?
neutropils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes,
lymphocytes
79. What is the function of the neutrophils?
Phagocytize bacteria
80. What is the function of the Eosinophils?
Remove toxins defend the body from allergic
reactions
81. What is the function of the Basophils?
Participate in the bodys inflammatory response
produce histamine, a vasodilator, heparin, an
anticoagulant
82.What is an anticoagulant?
A blood thinner.
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83. What is the function of monocytes?
Phagocytize bacteria foreign materials
84. What is the function of lymphocytes?
Provide immunity for the body by developing
antibodies protect against the formation of
cancer cells.
85. What does the term anemia mean?
An inadequate number or red blood cells,
hemoglobin, or both.
86. Give 4 signs symptoms of Anemia
Pallor(paleness), fatigue, dyspnea (difficult
breathing), rapid heart rate
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87.What causes Iron deficiency anemia?
Caused by inadequate amount of iron to form
hemoglobin in erythrocytes.
88. What is Aplastic anemia?
disease caused by injury to or destruction of
bone marrow, resulting in poor or no formation of
red blood cells.
89. What is the cause of pernicious anemia?
A lack of intrinsic factor ( a substance normally
present in the stomach), that results in
inadequate absorption of B12.
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90. How is Pernicious Anemia corrected?
Administering B12 injections
91. What is Sickle cell anemia?
Abnormal crescent-shaped erythrocytes that carry
less oxygen, break easily, block blood vessels.
92. What populations of people does Sickle cell
anemia exclusively affect?
African Americans
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93. An___________is a ballooning out of, or
saclike formation on, an artery wall.
aneurysm
94. ____________is a hardening or thickening of
the arterial walls, resulting in a loss of
elasticity and contractility.
arteriosclerosis
95. ____________occurs when fatty plaques
(frequently cholesterol) are deposited on
the walls of the arteries narrowing the arterial
opening reducing blood flow.
atherosclerosis
96. Plaques which break loose circulate through
the bloodstream are called_________.
emboli
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97. Procedure used to remove or compress the
cholesterol deposits, or the insertion of a
stent to allow blood blow through the artery
is known as___________.
Angioplasty
98. What is procedure is done when the arteries
are completely blocked?
Coronary artery bypass graft
99. A condition that occurs when the heart
muscles do not beat adequately to supply
the blood needs of the body___________.
Congestive heart failure (GHF)
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100. An inherited disease that occurs almost
exclusively in males but can be carried
by females_____________.
Hemophilia
101. The medical term for high blood pressure?
Hypertension
102. What blood pressure reading is regarded as
hypertension?
140/90
103. What is the term used for the drugs used to
treat hypertension?
Antihypertensive drugs
104. What drugs are used to remove retained
fluids from the body?
diuretics
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105. A malignant disease of the bone marrow or
lymph tissue resulting in a high number of
immature white blood cells.
Leukemia
106. Occurs when a blockage in the coronary
arteries cuts off the supply of blood to
the heart___________?
Myocardial infarction, or heart attack
107. When heart tissue dies it is known as an
_________?
infarct
108.What are some signs symptoms of a
myocardial infarct?
Severe crushing pain radiates to the left arm,
neck, jaw pressure in the chest perspiration
cold, clammy skin dyspnea change in blood
pressure
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109. If the heart stops, what should be started
immediately?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
110. What is the medical term for clot-busting
drugs?
thromboytics
111. What is the purpose of anticoagulant drugs?
They help thin the blood.
112. What are arrhythmias?
Abnormal heart rhythms
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113. What is the medical term for an inflammation
of a vein?
Phlebitis
114. What is the medical term when there is a
thrombus, or clot in a vein?
thrombophlebitis
115. What is the medical term for dilated swollen
veins that have lost elasticity and cause
stasis, or decreased blood flow?
varicose veins
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116.What is this procedure? Opens clogged
arteries by positioning a guided catheter which
is inflated cracks the plaque.
Conventional balloon angioplasty
117.Which procedure is this? A device is a
balloon on one side and an opening on the
other.The plaque is squeezed and shaved off.
coronary atherectomy
118. Which procedure is this?A special catheter
is inflated and a stent is left in place to keep
the vessel open.
Coronary stent