Epithelial,Connective,Muscle and Nervous Tissues

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Epithelial,Connective,Muscle and Nervous Tissues
Chapter 5 in your textbook
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General Epithelial Tissues

• They are found throughout the body covering
  organs, forming inner linings of body cavities .
• They are anchored to Connective Tissues by the
  basement membrane.
• They lack blood vessels.
• IF they do not have blood vessels how do you
  think they receive nutrients?

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General Epithelial Tissues

1. They divide rapidly.
2. They are tightly packed together.
3. They are classified according to their layers of
   cells.

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General Epithelial Tissues

• How do you think the characteristics we just
  listed relate to what epithelial tissues do?
• They divide rapidly- how does that help the body?
  
• Injuries can heal rapidly
• to these tissues, skin and
• stomach cells are continually
• damaged and replaced
• quickly.

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General Epithelial Tissues

• They are tightly
• packed- how does
• this help the cell?
• They form protective barriers in places like the
  outer skin, and your mouth.

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TYPES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS Classified by layers

• Simple composed of a single layer of cells.
• Stratified those with two or more layers of
  cells.
• Squamous Flattened cells.
• Cuboidal Those with cubed shaped cells.
• Columnar Elongated cells.

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1. Simple Squamous Epithelium
TYPES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS Classified by layers

• What is Simple Squamous Epithelium?
• Where would you find it?
• What is its function?

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Simple Squamous Epithelium

• What is Simple Squamous Epithelium?
• Thin (One layer), flattened cells
• Fit tightly together with flat nuclei
• Substances pass through easily by diffusion
• Where would you find it?
• Lines the lungs where O2 and CO2 are exchanged.
• Lines the walls of capillaries, blood and lymph
  vessels.
• What is its function?
• Helps gases exchange and other chemicals.

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Simple Squamous Epithelium
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2. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

• What is Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?
• Where would you find it?
• What is its function?

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Simple Cubodial Epithelium

• What is Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?
• Single layer of cells
• Cubed shaped cells with a central nucleus.
• Where would you find it?
• Covers the ovaries.
• Lines the kidneys and ducts of certain glands
  such as salivary glands, thyroid, pancreas and
  liver.
• What is its function?
• Functions in secretion and absorption.

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Simple Cuboidal Epithelial
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Simple Columnar Epithelium

• What is Simple Columnar Epithelium?
• Where would you find it?
• What is its function?

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Simple Columnar Epithelium

• What is Simple Columnar Epithelium?
• Elongated cells (longer than they are wide)
• Single layer of cells.
• Nucleus near the basement membrane
• Can have cilia that help in movement
• Where would you find it?
• Lines the uterus (help move eggs to uterus).
• Lines the organs of the digestive tract
• What is its function?
• Thick tissues to protect.
• Secretes digestive fluids and absorbs nutrients
  from digested food.

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Simple Columnar Epithelium
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Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

• What is Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium?
• Where would you find it?
• What is its function?

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Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

• What is Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium?
• Elongated cells (longer than they are wide)
• Appears to have more than one layer but does
  not.
• Nucleus is located at different ends which gives
  it the layer look.
• Have cilia
• Where would you find it?
• Lines the passage of the respiratory system.
• What is its function?
• Sticky to trap dust and microorganisms that enter
  with air. The cilia move the captured particles
  up and out of the airways.
• Goblet cells secrete mucus to help move dust.

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Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
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Stratified Squamous Epithelium

• What is Stratified Squamous Epithelium?
• Where would you find it?
• What is its function?

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Stratified Squamous Epithelium

• What is Stratified Squamous Epithelium?
• Lots of layers of the cell.
• Flattened because cells divide and push the
  older ones outward where they are flattened.
• Where would you find it?
• Forms the outer layer of the skin (your
  epidermis)
• Soft tissue part forms in the vagina
• What is its function?
• They produce keratin a protein that produces a
  dry, tough, protective material that prevents
  water and other substances from entering or
  leaving.
• Protects and lines the vagina without keratin.

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Stratified Squamous Epithelium
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Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

• What is Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium?
• Where would you find it?
• What is its function?

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Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

• What is Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium?
• 2 or 3 layers of cuboidal cells.
• Where would you find it?
• Lines the lumen
• Lines the glands mammary glands, sweat glands,
  salivary glands, and pancreas.
• What is its function?
• Gives more protection than a single layer does.

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Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
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Stratified Columnar Epithelium

• What is Stratified Columnar Epithelium?
• Where would you find it?
• What is its function?

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Stratified Columnar Epithelium

• What is Stratified Columnar Epithelium?
• Several layers of columnar cells.
• Superficial layer of columnar cells next to
  layers of cuboidal cells.
• Where would you find it?
• Male reproductive organs
• What is its function?
• Allows the organ to contract and stretch.

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Stratified Columnar Epithelium
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Transitional Epithelium

• What is Transitional Epithelium?
• Where would you find it?
• What is its function?

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Transitional Epithelium

• What is Transitional Epithelium?
• Specialized type of epithelium cells
• Can be stretched or unstretched (ovals)
• Where would you find it?
• The liner of the bladder, uterus and urethra.
• What is its function?
• They can change because of increased tension.
• So they help organs expand- bladder when it is
  full then returns to normal.
• Stops urine from going back into the system.

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Transitional Epithelium Unstretched
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Transitional Epithelium
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Glands

• Specialized cells that that secrete substances
  into ducts or body fluid.
• Found in Columnar cells or cuboidal.
• Two types exocrine glands and endocrine glands.
• Exocrine- secretes product into an internal or
  external duct or tube that travels to other
  organs or glands.
• Endocrine- Glands that secrete product into
  tissues or blood direction.

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Glands
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STOP Tissue Practice1. Tissue worksheet
practice QUITELY!!2. Tissue activity walk
around. First without notes- see what you
remember- second time with notes! 3. Tomorrow-
Epithelial tissue microscope lab and practice.
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Connective Tissues

• Broken down into two categories
• Connective Tissue Proper
• Specialized Connective Tissue

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Connective Tissue Proper

• 1. Loose Connective Tissue
• 2. Adipose Tissue (fat tissue)
• 3. Dense Connective Tissue

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General Characteristics of Connective Tissues

• Binds structures
• Provides support and protection
• Fill spaces
• Stores fat
• Produce blood cells
• Protect against infections
• Help repair tissue damage

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General Functions of Connective Tissues

• They divide easily.
• Have a large blood supply and are well nourished.
  (this is where epithelial cells receive blood and
  nutrients).
• Connected to epithelial cells below the basement
  membrane.
• Some have a fixed number of cells and some are
  temporary and appear when needed in response to
  injury or infection.

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Loose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissue

• What is Areolar Tissue?
• Where would you find it?
• What is its function?

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Loose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissue

• What is Loose Connective tissue?
• Tissue that forms delicate thin membranes
  throughout the body.
• Where would you find it?
• Underneath epithelial cells to nourish them.
• Fills the spaces between
• skin and organs or muscles.

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Loose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissue

• What is its function?
• Binds organs together
• Holds tissue fluids
• Protects, insulates and stores fat

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Adipose Tissue

• What is adipose tissue?
• Where would you find it?
• What is its function?

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Adipose Tissue

• What is Adipose tissue?
• Fat
• When cells store fat in droplets within their
  cytoplasm and enlarge.
• Where would you find it?
• Beneath skin, around kidneys or organs, on
  surface of the heart.
• Around the eyeballs and certain joints as well as
  spaces between muscle.

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Adipose Tissue

• What is its function?
• Cushions joints and some organs
• Insulates beneath the skin
• Stores energy
• When adipose cells become too numerous the crowd
  the cell and other cells forming fat tissue.

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Dense Connective Tissue

• What is Dense Connective tissue?
• Where would you find it?
• What is its function?

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Dense Connective Tissue

• What is Dense Connective tissue?
• Closely packed thick collagenous fibers and
  elastic fibers.
• Very strong to withstand pulling forces.
• Where would you find it?
• Ligaments and tendons
• The white part of your eye.
• Deep skin layers

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Dense Connective Tissue

• What is its function?
• Binds body parts together through tendons (muscle
  to bone) or ligaments (bone to bone)
• Protects the eye
• Blood supply is poor so tissue repair is poor.

How many of you have ever torn a ligament or
tendon? These dense tissues are why it takes so
long to recover!
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STOP Review Loose Connective Tissue activity-
Foldable.
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Specialized Connective Tissues
1. Blood

• What is blood?
• Where would you find it?
• What is its function?

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Blood

• What is Blood Tissue?
• Red blood cells,
• white blood cells and
• platelets that are in a
• fluid of plasma.
• Where would you find it?
• Formed in the red marrow within the hollow parts
  of certain long bones

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Blood

• What is the function?
• Transports materials between body cells
• Helps maintain stable internal homeostasis.

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Bone

• What is bone?
• Where would you find it?
• What is its function?

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Bone

• What is Bone Tissue?
• Rigid and hard tissue formed by minerals such as
  Calcium
• Where would you find it?
• The skeletal system throughout your body!

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Bone

• What is the function?
• Internally supports the body structure
• Attachment for muscles
• Protects cranial organs and thoracic organs
• Contains and produces red blood cells as well as
  calcium and phosphorus
• Heals more rapidly than cartilage

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Cartilage General Characteristics

• Three types
• Hayline Cartilage
• Elastic Cartilage
• Fibrocartilage
• Rigid Connective Tissue
• Provides support
• Protects
• Lack a direct blood supply, get minimal blood by
  diffusion but not enough- so healing to cartilage
  is slow.

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Elastic Cartilage

• What is Elastic Cartilage?
• Where would you find it?
• What is its function?

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Elastic Cartilage

• Functions and location
• Very elastic and flexible
• External ears and parts of the larynx

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Fibrocartilage

• What is Fibrocartilage?
• Where would you find it?
• What is its function?

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Fibrocartilage

• A very tough tissue
• A shock absorber for structures that are
  subjected to pressure.
• For example cushions bones in the knees and
  between vertebrates in the spinal column.

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Hyaline Cartilage

• What is Hyaline Cartilage?
• Where would you find it?
• What is its function?

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Hyaline Cartilage

• Most common
• Important in the growth of bones
• Found in the ends of bone, joints, the soft part
  of the nose, and respiratory passage

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STOP Connective Tissues ActivitiesFlip chart
of all tissues!WorksheetFinish microscope lab
of connective tissues
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Muscle Tissues

• Characteristics
• They are contractile- the elongated cells can
  shorten and lengthen.
• As the contract, muscle fibers pull at the
  attached end causing body parts to move.
• Three types of muscle tissues
• 1. Skeletal Muscle tissue
• 2. Smooth Muscle tissue
• 3. Cardiac Muscle tissue

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Cardiac Muscle

• What is Cardiac Muscle?
• Where would you find it?
• What is its function?

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Cardiac Muscle

• What is it?
• Cells are striated and
• joined end to end.
• One nuclei
• Where do you find it?
• Only in the heart
• What is its function?
• Involuntary (works without you knowing or
  thinking)
• Pumps blood through the heart chambers and into
  blood vessels.

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Skeletal Muscle

• What is Skeletal Muscle?
• Where would you find it?
• What is its function?

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Skeletal Muscle

• What is it?
• Voluntary muscle (controlled by conscious effort)
• Lots of nuclei in each cell
• Where is it?
• Found in
• muscles that
• attach bone.

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Skeletal Muscle

• What is its function?
• Nerves stimulate the muscle fiber to contract and
  relax
• This helps us move our head, trunk, and limbs.
• Enable us to make facial expressions, write,
  talk, sing, chew, breath and so forth!

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Smooth Muscle

• What is Smooth Muscle?
• Where would you find it?
• What is its function?

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Smooth Muscle

• What is it?
• No striations
• Short and spindle shaped, with single central
  nucleus
• Involuntary actions
• Where is it?
• The walls of
• organs (stomach,
• intestine, bladder,
• blood vessels)

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Nervous tissue

• What is Nervous tissue?
• Where would you find it?
• What is its function?

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Nervous Tissue

• What is it?
• Made up of cells of neurons- which sense changes
  in their surroundings
• Where is it?
• The brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.

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Nervous Tissue

• What is the function?
• Transmit nerve impulses to other neurons, muscles
  or glands.
• They communicate with other cells and muscles and
  tell body functions what to do.