Independence Movements in Latin America

1
Independence Movements in Latin America
2
Latin American Geography

• Latin America is made up of countries from North
  America, Central America, South America and the
  Caribbean Islands.
• All languages spoken here can be traced to Latin.

3
Spirit of Liberation

• I swear before God and by my honor never to
  allow my hands to be idle nor my soul to rest
  until I have broken the chains that bind us to
  Spain
• Simon Bolivar

4
Long Term Causes

• European domination
• Enlightenment ideas of Locke, Rousseau
  Montesquieu
• American and French Revolutions
• Growth of nationalism

5
Immediate Causes

• Revolutionary leaders emerge
• Napoleon invades Spain and puts brother in charge
  
• colonies saw an opportunity to revolt

6
HAITI
7
Haitis Struggle

• Haitis sugar plantations made it a valuable
  colony of France

8
Toussaint LOuverture

• Born into slavery
• Learned to read
• Inspired by stories of revolt in ancient Rome and
  Julius Caesar

9
Uprising of 1791

• Toussaint with support of slaves vs France,
  Spain, Britain and Mulattoes
• More lives lost than in any other Revolution in
  the Americas

10
Rebuilding Haiti

• By 1798 enslaved Haitians free
• Napoleon enters picture in 1802 when 100 French
  soldiers were dying a day
• Peace was made, for a while
• UNTIL

11
Death of Toussaint

• Toussaint was betrayed and seized by Napoleons
  men
• Ten months later in a French prison Toussaint
  died

12
MEXICO
13
Mexicans rally behind Hidalgo

• Hidalgo is supported by poor Mexicans
• Called for an end to slavery
• He was executed by Spanish

14
Father Jose Morelos

• Father Morelos, a mestizo, supported Hidalgo and
  led after Hidalgo was executed
• Continued the message of Hidalgo
• He was also captured and shot by the Spanish

15
Independence for Spain Mexico

• 1820 liberals forced King of Spain to issue a
  constitution
• Mexico did not yet win its Independence, but
  Mexicans won a few more freedoms

16
VENEZUELA
and the rest of South America
17
Simon Bolivar Acts

• Simon Bolivar was an educated Creole.
• Led an uprising that established a republic in
  Venezuela
• Civil war raged Bolivar forced into exile

18
The Liberator

• Moves into Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia
• Later joined forced with another revolutionary

19
Jose de San Martin

• San Martin , a Creole like Bolivar, was born in
  Argentina
• Won freedom for Argentina
• Together, both men defeated Spain

20
Long-Term Effects

• 18 separate republics are established
• Struggle to achieve stable democratic governments
  to gain economic independence
• Ongoing efforts to bring prosperity democracy
  to the people of Latin America