SURVEY and GRADING

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SURVEY and GRADING
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SURVEY and GRADING

• Surface drainage
• Especially from house
• Toward drain inlet

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SURVEY and GRADING

• Design berms and slopes

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INSTRUMENTS OF SURVEYING

• Tape measure
• gt100
• Feet/inches or feet/tenths

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INSTRUMENTS OF SURVEYING

• Builders level
• Tripod mounted scope
• Leveled so view is perfectly level in all
  directions

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INSTRUMENTS OF SURVEYING

• Transit
• A builders level that also measures angles

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INSTRUMENTS OF SURVEYING

• Laser levels

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INSTRUMENTS OF SURVEYING

• Spinning laser beam and sensor

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INSTRUMENTS OF SURVEYING

• Surveryors rod, big yard stick, to estimate
  spot elevation

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INSTRUMENTS OF SURVEYING
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SURVEY and GRADING

• What is elevation?
• Height above average sea level

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SURVEY and GRADING

• Benchmark
• Permanent reference point
• Manhole cover, curb, fire hydrant

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SURVEY and GRADING
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SURVEY and GRADING

• Contour lines
• Connect points of similar elevation
• The closer together contour lines, the steeper
  the slope
• The farther apart, the flatter the slope

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SURVEY and GRADING

• Contour lines

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SURVEY and GRADING

• Whats elevation of X(a) and X(b)?

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SURVEY and GRADING
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SURVEY and GRADING

• Contour lines based on spot elevations

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SPOT ELEVATIONS

• Backsite
• Reading on benchmark (BM)
• BM has a known elevation
• Backsite Benchmark Elevation Height of
  Instrument
• 6.12 100
  106.12

106.12
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Spot elevations

• Foresites
• Readings at unknown elevations
• Height of Instrument Foresite Elevation
• 106.12 3.98
  102.14

106.12
102.14
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Spot elevations

• Construction stake at spot elevation
• Mark stake to indicate grade change
• 0.0 (increase ground level in inches)
• -0.0 (decrease level)

Lets say a construction plan proposes Foresite A
to be 101.00 The existing elevation was
determined to be 102.14.
1.14
Existing elevation Proposed elevation Grade
Change 102.14
101.00 1.14
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GRADING

• Rough grading uses stakes with proposed changes
  marked

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GRADING
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Laser leveling

• Tractor adjusts box leveler according to laser
  level

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Laser leveling
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DETERMING SLOPES (39)

• (VH) X 100 OF SLOPE
• Vertical (V) distance between 2 points
• Horizontal (H) distance
• V 3.14 1.21 1.93
• H 150
• (1.93 150) x 100 1.29

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CREATING A SLOPE ()

• H X Desired Slope Change in Elevation
• H 120
• Slope 3 (or 0.03)
• 120 x 0.03 3.6
• Slope needs to drop a total of 3.6 to be 3

3.6