One Gene One Enzyme

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One Gene One Enzyme
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There is redundancy in the code but not ambiguity!
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In prokaryotes, RNA is directly translated into
the polypeptide
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RNA in eukaryotes is processed before translation
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Genes

• The DNA provides the instructions to make the
  protein
• RNA is the link between gene and protein
• DNA codes for RNA and RNA codes for the protein

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Transcription/Translation

• The DNA and RNA molecules are composed of
  nucleotide monomers.
• When converting from DNA to RNA you are simply
  transcribing the code from the language of DNA
  nucleotides to RNA nucleotides
• Proteins are written in the language of amino
  acids.
• When converting from RNA to protein we are
  translating from the nucleotide language to amino
  acid language

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RNA

• In what ways are RNA molecules different from
  DNA?
• RNA is single stranded
• In RNA, uracil replaces thymine
• Nucleotides have ribose instead of deoxyribose
• In eukaryotes, RNA leaves the nucleus

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The Genetic Code is Universal

• The code (A,U,C,G) is shared by all organisms
• CCG codes for what amino acid?
• This holds true for all species of living
  organisms.
• Bacteria, therefore can be programmed to
  synthesize human proteins by inserting human DNA

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RNA splicing

• Removes noncoding regions called introns
• snRNP (short nuclear ribonucleoproteins)
  recognize the splicing signals that are at the
  ends of introns
• The RNA in the snRNP is called snRNA (small
  nuclear RNA)
• spliceosome is the larger protein assemby that
  surrounds the snRNP
• The spliceosome cuts and releases the introns,
  and then joins exons together

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Evolutionary role of introns

• Introns may play regulatory role
• Different intron removal may lead to different
  proteins
• Introns may enhance crossing over between
  homologous regions by increasing the distance
  between exons

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Messenger RNA consists of leader, reading frame,
and trailer sequences.
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tRNAs bring amino acids to the ribosomes during
translation to be assembled into polypeptide
chains.
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Peptide Bonds Join Amino Acids
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What are the functions of the 4 different types
of RNA?
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tRNA Assembly
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Ribosomes, consist of two subunits, each of which
contains rRNA and ribosomal proteins.
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Initiation of Translation
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Elongation
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Termination
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Review
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Polyribosomes
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