THE FIELD OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOUR

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THE FIELD OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOUR

• AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

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Collective behaviour

• Collective behaviour is the relatively
  spontaneous, unstructured, extra-institutional
  behaviour of a fairly large number of
  individuals.
• It deviates from the established, normal,
  institutionalized patterns.

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• It tends to have one foot outside societys
  mainstream structures and institutions such as
  religion, politics, family and education.

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FIVE BASIC SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS THAT EXIST IN ALL
SOCIETIES
Politics
Religion
Economy
Family
Education
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• It is the maverick side of human life-less
  structured, shorter lived and less stable.
• Collective behaviour may arise because
  traditional norms are in conflict with certain
  desired values of a situation.
•  

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• Collective behaviour is not individuals acting on
  their own it is the behaviour of individuals
  acting with and in relation to one another.

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Three types of human behaviour

• Only the third is collective
•  
• 1.   The   individual does something fairly
  unique on the own (individual behaviour)

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• 2.     Two or more individual do the same thing
  on their own (parallel behaviour)
• 3. Behaviour engaged in the presence of others,
  or is directly influenced by others, and becomes
  a basis of a group bond-this is collective
  behaviour

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Solidarity

• It should be noted that for the most part, people
  who engage in collective behavior that stands
  outside institutionalized patterns,

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• Most people involved in collective behaviours
  believe see what they are doing as acceptable and
  conventional

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• most followers have not totally rejected
  societys norms and beliefs-they have simply
  redefined them or put a new spin on them.

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•  For this reason
• Social movements have often been investigated
  side by side with collective behaviours.

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Social movements

• Social movements may be defined as "organized
  efforts by a substantial number of people to
  promote or resist change in some aspect or
  aspects of society

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• The traditional view of social movements sees
  them as something very similar to collective
  behaviours, there are really no fundemental
  differences between them, especially in the
  initial stages of formation..

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Early stage of social change

• . Occurs when conditions of strain have arisen
  but before social resources have been mobilized
  for a specific and possibly effective attack on
  the source of strain.\\

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 A Comparision

• Collective Behaviour
• VS.
• Social Movements

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Similarities

•  
• 1      First both are dynamic-they reflect or
  help to generate social change-a stable society
  has little collective behaviour and probably no
  social movements

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• 2.     Second, both have an extra-institutional
  element-both violate mainstream societys
  established norms, institutions or traditional
  valuesboth affront what ought to be rather
  than what is

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• 3. Third both collective behaviour and social
  movements are collective phenomena-

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Collective Behaviour

• Are people engaged in interaction with
  othersThey are group creations.They are the
  product of actions, reactions, and interactions
  with and in the midst of other people.

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Differences

• 1. Collective behaviour has be seen as different
  from the political rational approach
• -Most social movements cannot be fully explained
  in the way one accounts for some forms of
  collective behaviour like outbursts, fads ect

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• 2. Social movements can often be seen as more
  purposive, rational and goal oriented than some
  collective behaviours but not always

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• 3. Some collective behaviours are viewed as
  irrational-trivial and silly-some riots are
  useless and destructive others are leading some
  where and may be closer to a social movement.

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•  
• Collective behaviour then, us the action of the
  impatient whereas social movements may not..
• Historically, collective behaviour like social
  movements are associated with processes of
  structural reorganization.

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Exclusion 

•  
• 1.     Scheduled for specific times and
  place-ways of celebrating, such a whooping,
  marching and so on..Ceremonies for periodic
  reaffirmation.

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• 2.     Lynching-a quasi institutional form of
  justice that forms out of weak civil relations,
  although at times it is crowd behaviour, at other
  terms like lynching bee connotes some form of
  organization.

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• 3.     The audience-an institutionalized
  form-persons gather and follow institutionalized
  norms ie. Bravos
• The audience can however, form the setting for
  collective behaviour-ie. Fords theatre when
  Lincoln was shot.

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• 4.     Public opinion-collective episodes may
  constitute a part of total public opinion.the
  collective behavior may be when the crowd cheers
  when Bonnie and Clyde run with the money.many
  sympathize and at a certain moment, they may
  exercise collective behaviour.

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• 5.     Propaganda- -expression of an action
  deliberately designed to influence opinions or
  actions
• Propaganda is related to collective behaviour in
  several ways a. it may inspire collective
  action.