CHAPTER 18 Social Change And Modernization

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CHAPTER 18Social Change And Modernization

• Section 1 Explaining Social Change
• Section 2 Modernization

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Objectives
Section 1 Explaining Social Change

• Summarize the theories that social scientists
  have offered to explain the process of social
  change.
• Explain how the theories on social change have
  evolved.

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Theories of Social Change
Section 1 Explaining Social Change

• Cyclical
• Spengler four stages childhood, youth,
  adulthood, old age
• Sorokin fluctuation between ideational culture
  (spiritual) and sensate culture (scientific) with
  idealistic culture in the middle

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Theories Of Social Change
Section 1 Explaining Social Change
(continued)

• Evolutionary
• early the progress through distinct stages
  toward complexity
• modern tendency to go along many paths toward
  increasing complexity

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Theories Of Social Change
Section 1 Explaining Social Change
(continued)

• Equilibrium
• Parsons occurs as society adapts to maintain
  stability after a change in one area involves
  differentiation and integration

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Theories Of Social Change
Section 1 Explaining Social Change
(continued)

• Conflict
• Marx results from class conflict and revolution
• Dahrendorf results from social conflicts of all
  forms

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How Theories of Social Change Evolved
Section 1 Explaining Social Change

• Older theories focused more on describing social
  change and suggested that all societies follow
  similar patterns of development
• Modern theories provide for different patterns of
  development and focus more on why societies change

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Objectives
Section 2 Modernization

• Contrast the views of modernization theory and
  world-system theory on modernization in
  less-developed nations.
• Identify some of the positive and negative
  effects of modernization on social life and the
  natural environment.

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Modernization Theory Versus the World-System
Theory
Section 2 Modernization

• Modernization theory argues that less-developed
  countries will eventually modernize
• World-systems theory argues that the
  concentration of wealth and power in core nations
  slows modernization in less-developed countries

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Positive Effects of Modernization
Section 2 Modernization

• Improved standard of living
• Longer life expectancies
• Lower birthrates
• Higher rates of literacy
• Decrease in economic and social inequality
• More personal comforts
• Improved infrastructure
• Electricity and communication technology
• Establishment of educational institutions

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Negative Effects of Modernization
Section 2 Modernization

• Loss of some traditional authority for the family
  and religion
• Weaker social relationships and increased
  feelings of social isolation
• Moral and ethical questions
• Some environmental problems
• Some health problems