6/8 Focus:

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• 6/8 Focus
• Do Now
• Complete the Regents Review Warm up Questions

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Ancient Greece

• The mountainous topography (terrain) of Greece
  resulted in widely scattered settlements that
  developed into many small independent
  city-states. (The geography of Greece prevented
  the ancient Greek city-states from uniting to
  form a single nation.)

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Ancient Greece

• The city-state of Athens practiced direct
  democracy.
• The city-state of Sparta was very different from
  Athens.
• Sparta placed more emphasis on military service.
  Boys in Sparta were trained to be soldiers.
• Spartas government was not democratic. People
  had little voice in government.

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Ancient Greece

• SOCRATES, PLATO, and ARISTOTLE were philosophers
  of ancient Greece.
• The AGE OF PERICLES in Athens was a GOLDEN AGE
  that produced outstanding contributions in the
  arts and sciences.

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Ancient Greece

• ALEXANDER THE GREATS conquests caused the
  expansion of HELLENISTIC CULTURE.
• The blending of GREEK, PERSIAN, EGYPTIAN, and
  INDIAN cultures into Hellenistic culture
  demonstrates cultural diffusion.

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Ancient Rome

• The Roman Empire extended over three continents,
  surrounding the MEDITERRANEAN SEA.

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Ancient Rome

• The Mediterranean Sea was the center of Roman
  TRADE. The Roman Empire grew wealthy because it
  developed extensive trade networks.

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Ancient Rome

• A SYSTEM OF ROADS helped unify the Roman Empire.
• Note A system of roads helped to unify the INCA
  EMPIRE in the Andes Mountains of South America,
  too.

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Ancient Rome

• The Romans developed a form of government known
  as the REPUBLIC
• Preserved GREEK CULTURE (Greco-Roman Culture)
• The Fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D. led to
  the start of the Middle Ages
• Note the rise and fall of the Roman Empire is
  often compared with the HAN dynasty in China

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China

• The SHANG DYNASTY was China's first dynasty.
  During Shang rule, kings controlled small areas
  while loyal princes and nobles governed most of
  the land.
• To justify their rebellion against the Shang, the
  Zhou people promoted the idea of the MANDATE OF
  HEAVEN.
• The MANDATE OF HEAVEN is the Chinese belief in
  the DIVINE RIGHT to rule.
• This process explaining the rise and fall of
  dynasties is called the DYNASTIC CYCLE

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China

• SHI HUANGDI constructed the Great Wall of China.
  Over the centuries, the wall was extended and
  rebuilt several times. Eventually, it snaked for
  thousands of miles across northern China.
• Shi Huangdi centralized power following the
  principles of Qin LEGALISM.
• Legalists believed that rulers must achieve order
  by passing STRICT LAWS and imposing HARSH
  PUNISHMENTS.

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China

• China grew wealthy because the Han dynasty
  developed extensive trade networks by opening the
  SILK ROAD

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China

• Like the Roman Empire, the Han dynasty promoted
  unity and communication by building a STRONG
  SYSTEM OF ROADS.
• Like the Roman Empire, The Han Empire collapsed
  because of FOREIGN INVASIONS, POLITICAL TURMOIL,
  ECONOMIC PROBLEMS, and a DECLINING MILITARY.

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India

• The Mauryan Empire controlled more of the Indian
  subcontinent than the Gupta Empire did.
• Expansion was limited by GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS (The
  Himalayas, the Hindu Kush Mountains, the Arabian
  Sea, and the Bay of Bengal).

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India

• Asoka promoted RELIGIOUS TOLERATION and
  established codified laws with the PILLARS OF
  ASOKA

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India

• During the era of the GUPTA EMPIRE, India
  experienced a golden age (a period of prosperity
  and artistic creativity).
• Art and literature flourished.
• Indian scholars contributed to mathematics by
  developing the DECIMAL SYSTEM and the CONCEPT OF
  ZERO.

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India

• Indian provinces were united after 200 years of
  civil war.
• Indians used the SANSKRIT LANGUAGE

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India

• Like Peter the Great of Russia, Mughal emperor
  AKBAR THE GREAT was an ABSOLUTE RULER who
  modernized and expanded his empire using ideas
  from other cultures.
• Akbar the Great is similar to Asoka because he
  promoted religious toleration

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Miscellaneous

• The architectural achievements of ancient Rome
  (e.g. the Coliseum), ancient Egypt (e.g. the
  Pyramids), and ancient China (e.g. the Great Wall
  of China) indicate that ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
  existed in early civilizations.
• The PHOENICIANS are often referred to as the
  carriers of civilization because they traded
  goods and spread ideas throughout the
  Mediterranean region.

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• 6/9 Focus
• Do Now
• Complete the Regents Review Warm up Questions

Castle Learning Regents Review 8 due
Friday
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Codes of Law

• Establish legal standards/principles
• Provide a written set of Laws
• Create a stable society
• Examples
• Code of Hammurabi
• Justinians Code
• The Twelve Tables
• 10 Commandments
• Pillars of Asoka
• Napoleonic Code

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• One way in which the Code of Hammurabi, the
  Twelve Tables, and Justinian Code are similar is
  that each
• Legalized monotheistic beliefs
• Established legal standards
• Provided records of economic activity
• Supported republican government

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Social Systems

• Tend to be hierarchal
• Power and wealth near the top
• Least amount of people
• People at the bottom have little or no power
• Most people

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Hindu Caste System
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Feudalism-Europe
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Feudalism-Japan
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Spanish Colonial Class System
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Belief Systems

• The belief in many gods is known as
• Polytheism
• The belief in one god is known as
• Monotheism

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Belief Systems
Belief that in nature spirits exist in all things
Animism
Shinto
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Belief Systems

• Compare and contrast Hinduism and Buddhism

Dharma
Eightfold Path
Reincarnation
Karma
Brahman
Moksha
The Caste System
Nirvana
Founded by Siddhartha Guatma
Four Noble Truths
No founder
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Belief Systems
Confucianism
Daoism
Legalism
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Belief Systems

• Five Pillars of Islam
• Allah is the one true God
• Give charity to the poor
• Make Pilgrimage (Haji) to Mecca
• Fasting during the Ramadan
• Pray five times a day facing Mecca

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Belief Systems

• The Four Noble Truths (Buddhism)
• Life is suffering
• Suffering is caused by selfish desire
• Suffering can be eliminated by eliminating desire
  
• Desire can be eliminated by following the
  Eightfold Path

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Belief Systems

• The Ten Commandments
• Code and rules of behavior followed by Christians
  and Jews

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Belief Systems

• The Five Relationships (Confucianism)
• Superior to Inferior
• Ruler to Subject
• Father to Son
• Husband to Wife
• Older Brother to Younger Brother
• Friend to Friend

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Monotheistic Religions
Muhammad (I)
Bible (J,C)
5 Pillars (I)
Jesus (C)
Torah (J)
10 Commandments (J,C)
Synagogue (J)
Caliphate (I)
Mosque (I)
Monotheism (I,J,C)
Koran (I)
Began in the Middle East (I,J,C)
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• 1. One way in which the Five Relationships, the
  Ten Commandments, and the Eightfold Path are
  similar is that they
• promote polytheism
• provide codes of behavior
• establish gender equality
• describe secularism

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• 2. Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are similar
  in that they all ask their followers to
• believe in reincarnation
• strive for nirvana
• follow a code of behavior
• practice polytheism

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• 3. Which action is most closely associated with
  polytheism?
• praying in a synagogue
• worshipping many gods
• accepting the Eightfold Path
• reading the Koran

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• 4. The five relationships taught by Confucius
  encouraged people to
• improve their position in life
• maintain social and political order
• respect and worship nature
• serve the needs of religious leaders

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• 5. Which factor most influenced a persons social
  position in early Indian societies?
• education
• geographic location
• birth
• individual achievement

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Golden Age of Athens

• Greece
• Occurred under the rule of Pericles
• economic growth arts and culture flourished
• growth of philosophy
• democratic principles and institutions
  strengthened

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Islamic Golden Age

• Islamic Caliphate
• Advances in Math (Algebra), Science, and Medicine
• Preserved Greek, Roman, Persian knowledge

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Gupta Empire

• India
• Advances in Math (concept of zero) and medicine
• development of Sanskrit language and literature,
• growth of art and architecture
• Ajanta Caves

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Mali

• West Africa
• Occurred under the rule of Mansa Musa
• spread of Islam over trade networks
• Wealth from gold and salt trade
• Timbuktu became a major center of learning

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Tang Dynasty

• China
• Invention of gunpowder, movable type and block
  printing, and Porcelain pottery
• Trade along the silk road

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• A major contribution of the Golden Age of Islam
  was the
• Development of mercantilism
• Creation of the first polytheistic religion
• Spread of democratic ideals
• Advancement of mathematics and sciences

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• The Tang dynasty of China, the Gupta Empire of
  India, and the Mali Empire of Africa were similar
  in that each experienced a period of
• Prosperity and artistic achievement
• Feudalism and oppression
• War and constant invasion
• Mercantilism and industrial expansion