pH???

1
pH???

• ???(acidity),???H3O??,
• pH? - log10 ???????,
• ?pH-log?H3O?,
• ?pH?,???????
• ??????????????????(????)???pH??????????14,????
  ltHgt????1???14??ltOH-gt????1?(?? pH 0 ????? ltHgt
  1 )
• pH??????0???14 ?

2

• pH ?????? 014 ??,
• pH ?7????,pH ?gt 7???, lt 7???
• pH ??????????,
• ?pH 1????? 10 ?, pH 3 ?? pH 4 ???? 10 ??
• ?????7,?????? 4,?? 3,???? 2,??????5 ???

3

• ????????????H???OH-?
• (1)??????????????????
• ?H??OH-? 10-7M????????
• (2)????????????????????H?gt 10-7M gt?OH-??
• ????????
• (3) ??????????????????????H?lt 10-7M lt?OH-??
• ???????

4

• ex0.01 M ? HCl ???,? H3O?
• OH-?pH?pOH?
• ?
• HCl ??????????? HCl H2O ? H3O
  Cl-
• ? HCl ???,??????,
• H3O 0.01 M 10-2 M,  pH2
• OH- 10-14/10-2 10-12 M,  pOH12
• 25?
• Kw H3OxOH- 10-14 M pH pOH
  14

5

• ??
• 10 -1M HCl???pH?1
• 10 -8M HCl???PH??
• ??
• PH??????,PH7???(??) ,PHgt7???,PHlt7????
• PH???,????,PH???,?????

6
????

• ?0.02mol/L?HCl???,???????H?????pH??????
• ???????????H 1 x 10-9mol/L,????pH?????
• NaOH??????????OH- 1 x 10-9mol/L,????pH?????
• pH 5???????10??100??10000?,????pH??????
• ?pH4??????,?OH-??????

7

• ex
• ????????,???pH?lt7?(1)NH3 (2)SO3
• (3)NaHCO3(4)Na2CO3
• ex
• ????????????,????? ?????????(1)Na2CO3(2)C
  H3COOH(3)CO2(4)NaCl ?

8
????

• ????????????,????????????,??????????
• ???????????????????
• ?????,????????????,
• ???????1??,?????????? ????????,
• ??45??????????????45?????(sodium
  hydroxide),
• ????NaOH, ???40,??2.13?

9

• ????????pH2 ????????? 10-2 M,1000????????????
  1000 L x 0.01 M 10 mol?????????????,??????????
  ??,?????????pH 7?NaOH??????? 10 mol,?1Kg
  45NaOH???? 450g NaOH ? 450/40 11.25 mol?W x
  45 / 40 10 molW ? 888.889 g?????? 888.889??
  45 NaOH
• pH2, H10-21T103LHH103L10
  mole???10 mole H, ?10 mole OH-NaOH 10 mole
  10(23116)400g??45, ????400g/0.45889g????45
  ??????889g

10

• ???????????0.1M?NaOH??????????PH???. 0.1M H2SO4
  ?.0.1M HCl
• ?.0.1M HNO3 ?.0.1M CH3COOH
• PH?????????????
• ?H? 10-n M ,PH n?
• ?H????????????
• ?H? 10-3 M ,PH 3?
• PH???????,????????????,??????
• ?H? 310-3 M ,10-2gt310-3gt10-3
• PH 23?

11

• ????
• ??298K(25?)???,?????, Kw HOH-10-14
• ?? log Kw log H log OH-,
  ????pOH14-pH?
• 2H2O ?H3O OH- H3O OH-
  10-7 M (25?C)
  Kw H3OxOH- 10-14 M2
• ????,???(H?H3O)??????(OH-)???? ????-H3O
  gt 10-7 M gt OH- ????-H3O  10-7 M OH-
  ????-H3O lt 10-7 M lt OH- Kw
  H3OxOH- 10-14 M2pH ? pOH ???? pH
  -log10H3O pOH -log10OH- ? Kw
  H3OxOH- 10-14 M2,? pH pOH 14
• ????,pH ?? pOH ?????? ????- pH lt 7, pOH gt
  7  ????- pH 7, pOH 7  ????- pH gt 7,
  pOH lt 7

12

• ????
• pH0?HCl?? 1ml , pH13?NaOH??
  10ml,??????,???pH??
• ????
• pH2 H2SO4 100ml ? 0.02M NaOH??
  50ml,??????????Na2SO4 ??????M

13
????

• ???pH?
• 13-3?????
• ???
• ?????????????????
• 2004???????????
• ???????????????????????????