Reading the Periodic Table

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Reading the Periodic Table
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A way of organizing classifying elements

• Arranged in rows and columns

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Columns

• The vertical (up and down) columns of the
  periodic table (there are 18) are called groups
  or families.
• Elements in the same group or family have similar
  characteristics or properties.

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Rows

• The horizontal rows of the periodic table are
  called periods.
• Elements in a period are not alike in properties.
  
• The first element in a period is usually an
  active solid, and the last element in a period is
  always an inactive gas.

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Rows

• Atomic size (number of protons) decreases from
  left to right across a period.
• Atomic mass (number of protons) increases from
  left to right across a period.

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Rows

• Metals are on the left
• Non-metals are on the right

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ALKALI METALS

• very reactive metals that do not occur freely in
  nature
• malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and
  electricity.
• softer than most other metals
• can explode if they are exposed to water

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ALKLINE EARTH METALS

• metals
• very reactive
• not found free in nature

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TRANSITION METALS

• ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity
  and heat
• iron, cobalt, and nickel, are the only elements
  known to produce a magnetic field.

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RARE EARTH ELEMENTS

• many are man-made

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OTHER METALS

• are ductile and malleable
• are solid, have a relatively high density, and
  are opaque

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METALLOIDS

• have properties of both metals and non-metals
• some of the metalloids, such as silicon and
  germanium, are semi-conductors. This means that
  they can carry an electrical charge under special
  conditions. This property makes metalloids useful
  in computers and calculators

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NON-METALS

• not able to conduct electricity or heat very well
• very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or
  pounded into sheets
• exist in two of the three states of matter at
  room temperature gases (such as oxygen) and
  solids (such as carbon).
• have no metallic luster, and do not reflect
  light.

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HALOGENS

• "halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds
  containing halogens are called "salts"
• exist in all three states of matter
• Solid- Iodine, Astatine
• Liquid- Bromine
• Gas- Fluorine, Chlorine

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NOBLE GASES

• do not form compounds easily