AHON Chapter 10 Section 4 Lecture Notes

1
Objectives

• Describe the culture of Native Americans in the
  Southeast.
• Describe the conflict over land occupied by
  Native Americans in the Southeast.
• Discuss the forced removal of Native Americans.

2
Terms and People

• Sequoyah Cherokee leader and creator of the
  Cherokee alphabet

3

• Set Questions
• List three Native American tribes that were
  relocated by the United States Federal
  Government.
• Why did the US Government want the land?
• How were the Cherokees different from other
  Native American tribes?
• What act gave Jackson the power to remove the
  Native Americans?

See Pages 355-359 in your book
4
Why did Jackson use force to remove Indians from
the Southeast?
Beginning with President Jefferson, there had
been attempts to move Native Americans westward.
Jefferson hoped Native Americans would move
voluntarily to preserve their culture (way of
life).
5
After the War of 1812, Native Americans in the
old Northwest gave up their lands and moved
west of the Mississippi River.
However, the Native Americans living in the
Southeast refused to move.
6
To government leaders, the tribes of the
Southeast stood in the way of westward expansion.
American settlement
By the 1820s, many southerners were demanding
that the government move the tribes by force.
7
The pressure on Native Americans grew.
8
Georgias actions were challenged in two Supreme
Court cases.
9
In Worcester v. Georgia, Chief Justice John
Marshall quoted treaties signed by the United
States.
Treaties between the United States and the
Native Americans
The treaties granted territory to the Native
Americans.
Georgias laws
Marshall said that Georgia did not have the right
to revoke treaties made between two sovereign
nations.
10
President Jackson opposed the Supreme Court
ruling in Worcester v. Georgia.
In 1830, Jackson put a new federal law into
effect.
The act gave Native Americans land in the West in
exchange for their lands in the East.
11
When Andrew Jackson became President in 1829,
more than 100,000 Native Americans lived east of
the Mississippi River.
Chickasaw
Creek
Choctaw
Seminole
Cherokee
12
The Seminoles were a mix of Native Americans in
Florida, Creeks, and escaped African American
slaves.
13
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14
You may be wondering.
Are there any Native American villages in PA
today?
There are no federally recognized Indian tribes
in Pennsylvania today. Non-recognized Indian
tribes and communities include Eastern Lenape
Nation of Pennsylvania 21 Cedar Lane
Mountville, PA 17554
15
The Cherokees had a distinct culture of their own.
They also adopted some white customs.
They had a written language, developed by
Sequoyah.
Some learned to speak, read, and write English.
Many had converted to Christianity.
They ran businesses, such as lumber mills.
In 1827, they formed a constitutional government.
They claimed status as a separate nation.
16
Jacksons Indian Removal Act was enforced in the
1830s.
17
Jacksons Indian Removal Act was enforced in the
1830s.
18
Jacksons Indian Removal Act was enforced in the
1830s.
19
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20
The Cherokees forced journey to Indian Territory
is known as the Trail of Tears.
More than 4,000 Cherokees died on the trail, due
to the harsh weather and lack of supplies.
21
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22
One group of Native Americans, the Seminoles,
refused to leave their land.
Although they never signed a peace treaty, most
Seminoles were forced to move in the 1840s.
23
In total, some 100,000 Native Americans were
driven from their homes and forced to walk to a
new home.
In Indian Territory, in present day Oklahoma,
Native Americans struggled to rebuild their lives
in very difficult conditions.
24
Closing Questions

• Answer the following questions with one complete
  sentence
• What was President Jeffersons idea regarding the
  Native Americans living east of the Mississippi
  River?
• What was the difference between Jeffersons
  policy regarding Native Americans and Jacksons
  policy regarding Native Americans?
• Do you think moving the Native Americans to the
  Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma state)
  helped to preserve their culture? Explain.

25
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