APUSH Chapter 1

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APUSH Chapter 1

• New World Beginnings

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• Pre-Columbian time period.
• First Americans came from Asia
• Crossed the Bering Strait during the Ice Age
• Following a food source
• Gradual migration

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Culture area
CULTURE AREAS OF NATIVE AMERICANS
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Three-Sister Farming

• Corn played a huge role in the development of the
  Pueblo culture in the SW U.S.
• By 1000 C.E., the growing of corn(maize) had
  reached the southeast, and along with beans and
  squash led to growth in population for groups
  like the Creek, Choctaw, and Cherokee.

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Natives of North America

• Iroquois Confederacy under Hiawatha among the
  most organized tribes in all of North America.
• Most natives lived in small, scattered
  settlements with women farming and men hunting.

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CULTURAL CLASHES

• WHITE EUROPEANS
• Used the land for economic needs
• Clearing the land, destroying hunting areas and
  fencing it off into private property
• Divided the land and selling it for monetary
  value.
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• NATIVE AMERICANS
• Relationship with environment as part of their
  religion
• Need to hunt for survival
• Ownership meant access to the things the land
  produced, not ownership of the land itself.

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Direct Causes 3 Gs

• Political Become a world power through gaining
  wealth and land. (GLORY)
• Economic Search for new trade routes with direct
  access to Asian/African luxury goods would enrich
  individuals and their nations (GOLD)
• Religious spread Christianity and weaken Middle
  Eastern Muslims. (GOD)
• The 3 motives reinforce each other

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Treasuresfrom the Americas!
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EUROPEAN EXPLORATION 1400 TO 1600

• EFFECTS
• Europeans reach and settle Americas
• Expanded knowledge of world geography
• Growth of trade, mercantilism and capitalism
• Indian conflicts over land and impact of disease
  on Indian populations
• Introduction of the institution of slavery
• Columbian Exchange

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European Colonization
European Colonization

• Once the New World is discovered, the Big 4 four
  European countries begin competing for control of
  North America and the world.
• Spain
• England
• France
• Portugal
• This power struggle ultimately leads to several
  wars.

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The Spanish

• Spanish first to pursue colonization
• Start in Caribbean, then Central and South
  Americamost important was conquest of Aztecs by
  Cortez (1521) and Incas by Pizzaro (1531)
• First permanent colonies in what will become
  United States are founded by Spain
• St. Augustine (Florida) is founded (1565) to
  protect Spanish treasure fleets

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• Spanish empire by the 1600s consisted of the
• part of North America
• Central America
• Caribbean Islands
• Much of South America.

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The Colonial Class System
PeninsularesSpanish ancestry
Creoles-Spanish born in the New World.
MestizosSpanish and Indian mixture
MulattosEuropean and Black mixture
Black Slaves
Native Indians
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The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church
Our Lady of Guadalupe
Guadalajara Cathedral
Spanish Mission
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Father Bartolomé de Las Casas

• Believed Native Americans had been treated
  harshly by the Spanish.
• Indians could be educated and converted to
  Christianized.
• Believed Indian culture was advanced as European
  but in different ways.

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ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM

• 1. Spanish practice of securing an adequate and
  cheap labor supply FEUDALISM
• granted to deserving subjects of the King
• 2. Conquistador controlled Indian populations
• Required Indians to pay tribute from their lands
• Indians often rendered personal services as well.
  
• 3. In return the conquistador was obligated to
• protect his wards
• instruct them in the Christian faith
• defend their right to live off the land
• 4. Encomienda system eventually decimated Indian
  population.

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