Revolution in Latin America

1
Revolution in Latin America

• Haiti, Mexico, and S. America

2
Causes

• Spread of Enlightenment Ideas
• Success of American and French Revolutions
• Royal officials committed injustices and
  repression
• Peninsulares/creoles controlled wealth/power,
  lower classes like slaves
• Napoleons defeat of Spain in 1808

3
Enlightenment Thinkers

• John Locke- Man has natural right to life,
  liberty, property- govt job is to protect those
  rights.
• Voltaire- freedom of speech, religion
• Montesquieu- separation of powers- checks and
  balances.
• Machiavelli- wrote The Prince- better to be
  feared than loved

4
Haiti

• Revolutionary govt- Extend Rights of Man to
  all free men
• Rebellion led by Toussaint LOuverture
• Slavery abolished by Robespierres govt
• Napoleon reinstated slavery
• War erupts- Napoleon defeated- Haiti free but
  LOuverture dies in Europe

5
LOuverture
6
Saint Dominique
7
Latin America

• Spain defeated by Napoleon in 1808 to close ports
  to British
• Usurper Joseph Bonaparte not recognized by
  Spains colonies
• Creoles lead independence movements- Educated in
  Europe- Enlightenment

8
El Libertador

• Born in Caracas- white, black, and Native
  American
• Led 2,000 troops through the Andes and captured
  Bogotá
• Met with Jose de San Martin in Ecuador
• Won final battle in Peru- S. American
  independence

9
Bolivar
10
Gran Colombia
11
Jose de San Martin

• Born in Argentina
• Led Southern forces over Andes to Chile
• Met up w/ Bolivar in Peru, gave Bolivar his army

12
San Martin
13
Bernardo OHiggins

• Illegitimate son of an Irishman and a Creole lady
• Born in Chile
• Joined San Martin to liberate Chile

14
OHiggins
15
Mexico

• In S. America, leaders were creoles. In Mexico,
  revolutionaries were mestizo, Native Americans
• A priest named Miguel Hidalgo firmly believed in
  the Enlightenment- he fought for mestizo and
  Indians
• He was poor but well-educated

16
Miguel Hidalgo
17
Jose Maria Morelos

• After Hidalgos 80,000 man army defeated in 1811,
  Padre Morelos led revolution
• Morelos defeated but revolution successful in
  1821
• United Provinces of Central America secede in 1823

18
Morelos
19
Brazil

• In 1807 Napoleon invaded Spain and Portugal
• Portuguese King and court fled to Rio de Janeiro
• Ran empire from Brazil for 14 years
• Prince Dom Pedro stayed in Brazil after Napoleon
  was defeated
• Declared independence in 1822

20
Dom Pedro
21
Dom Pedro
22
Brazil
23
Effects

• Colonial Rule ends and new countries established
• Democracy slow to develop- military or rich
  controlled countries until 1900s
• Rich controlled wealth, kept plantation system
• Latin America kept class system