Biopsychosocial model of disease

1
Biopsychosocial model of disease
2
Human Disease Three Models
Medical Model
Biopsychosocial Model
Epidemiological Model
Human Disease
3
Medical Model

• Emphasis on medical treatment
• Youre either healthy or youre not.
• Missing important dimensions of health
• Psychology and Social aspect are separate
• Address disease but may not consider quality of
  life (QOL)

4
OECD Health Data
5
Source CIA World Factbook, 2014
6
Medical Model continued

• By medical model standards.
• U.S. should have the best health and longest life
  expectancy.

Picture source onefoundation.org
7
Epidemiological Model
Host
Environment
Agent
8
Problems with disease models
Individuals
Picture Source google images
9
Problems

• Families

Picture source Google images
10
Problems

• Natural Disasters

Picture Source Google images
11
Problems

• Pollution

Picture Source Google images
12
Problems

• Poverty

Picture source Google images
13
Problems
Picture source Google images
14
Biopsychosocial Model

• Health (and illness) are caused/influenced by
  many factors.
• Mind and body are not separate
• Relationships are significant to health
• Health is on a continuum

15
Implications

• Consider biological, psychological, and social
  factors
• Relationships are significant to health
• Patient and doctor
• Patient and family, friends, others
• Keep people healthy rather than wait to treat
  them when they become ill.
• Challenges?

16
Biopsychosocial Model of Disease

• Biology
• Age, sex
• Disease state
• Genetics/heredity
• Physical symptoms
• Meds/drugs/addiction

• Psychology
• Attitudes/beliefs
• Mood state
• Behaviors
• Religiosity/spirituality

• Social
• Support formal/informal
• Roles work/family/peers
• Physician-patient relationship
• Socioeconomic status

• Environment
• School/work place
• Church
• Social norms / cultural norms
• Community / Health services
• Neighborhoods / National economy
• Mass media
• Policy / laws

17
Example Diabetes

• Biology
• Diabetes
• No family history
• Skin bumps, fuzzy vision, fatigue, burning feet,
  pruritis, erectile dysfunction
• Agent Orange exposure

• Psychology
• Its always in the back of my mind
• Guilt cant work as much
• Depression, stress
• I just miss eating junk

• Social
• Marriage suffering
• Doesnt trust doctor (non-compliant)
• Boss did not promote
• Cant play with grandkids

• Environment
• Healthcare at VA, has to travel
• Diabetes class offered
• Fast food everywhere supersized portions
• 2nd hand smoke triggers desire to smoke
• Cultural norm embarrassed by weight
• Govt will not compensate for agent orange
  exposure

18
Example Fibromyalgia

• Psychology
• Depression
• Information seeker
• Difficult to get motivated
• Uses stress management

• Biology
• Female
• Fatigue
• Joint stiffness
• Tender points
• Widespread aches

• Social
• Supportive friends/family members
• However, husband is not very supportive
• Work role is stressful
• Teaches water aerobics

• Environment
• Good access to health care
• Environment is conducive to exercise
• She tries to surround herself with a healthy
  environment.