The Approach

1
The Approach
MOLECULAR APPROACH TO THERMODYNAMICS
2
The Distribution of Energy
Consider 6 particles Each particle has three
energy levels
Let N Total number of particles 6 N1
Number of particles in state E1 N2 Number of
particles in state E2 N2 Number of particles
in state E2 Total energy of the system 4a
3
The Boltzmann Distribution Effect of Temperature
4
The Distribution of Molecules on Two Energy Levels
5
A Two-Level System
N2/N1 approaches 1 as T ? ?
N2/N1 exp-?E/kBT
6
A Two-Level System
N1/N 1/(1exp-?E/kBT)
N2/N 1/(1exp?E/kBT)