Cells: The Basic Unit of Life

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Cells The Basic Unit of Life
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Organization of Life

• Everything has a least one cell
• Many living things exist as only one cell
• Other living things may have trillions of cells

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What is the worlds largest cell?
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The egg!

• The first cell of a chicken is the yolk with a
  tiny white dot in it.
• It is surrounded by a clear jellylike fluid
  called egg white.
• The white dot divides over and over again to
  become a chick.

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• We are made up of about 100 trillion cells.
• We have about 200 different kind of cells and
  each is specialized to do a particular job
• Examples blood cells, bone cells, nerve cells,
  skin cells

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Tissue

• A group of cells working in a team to perform a
  specific job.
• The material around and between the cells is also
  part of the tissue.
• Examples blood, fat, muscle

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Organs

• When two or more tissues work together to perform
  a specific job, the group of tissue is called an
  organ.
• Examples stomach, intestines, heart, lungs,
  skin

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• Plants have different kinds of tissues that work
  together.
• The leaf is a plant organ, so is the stem and
  roots.

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Organ Systems

• Organs working together to perform particular
  jobs.
• Examples digestive system, respiratory system,

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Organisms Independent Living

• Anything that can live on its own is an organism.
• A single cell living on its own is called
  unicellular.
• An organism that exist only as a group of cells
  is called multicellular.

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Populations

• A group of organisms of the same kind living in
  the same area.
• Examples deer population in a forest, people in
  a specific town or city, oak trees in a forest

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Communities

• Two or more populations living in the same area
• Example foxes, oak trees, lizards, flowers, and
  many more make up the forest community.
• People, dogs, cats, and many more organism make
  your hometown community

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Ecosystem

• It is the community and all of the nonliving
  things that effect it, such as water, soil,
  temperature, and light.

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Complete the following sentence.

• Cells are related to _____________ in the same
  way that _____________ are related to organ
  system.

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Cell Theory

• In 1839 Theodor Schwann wrote the first two parts
  of the cell theory
• All organisms are composed on one or more cells.
• The cell is the basic unit of life in all living
  things.
• In 1858 Rudolf Virchow wrote the third theory
• All cells come from existing cells.

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What do all cells have?

• Cell membrane- controls the passage of materials
  in and out of the cell
• DNA-controls all the activities of the cell and
  contains the information need for new cells.
• Cytoplasm-the fluid and almost everything in it
• Organelles-structures within the cell

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Two Types of Cells

• Prokaryotic
• No nucleus
• No membrane covered organelles
• Circular DNA
• Bacteria

• Eukaryotic
• Nucleus
• Membrane covered organelles
• Linear DNA
• All other cells

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Animal Cell
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Organelles in Animal Cell

• Cell membrane
• Lysosomes
• Nucleus
• Nucleolus
• Nuclear membrane
• vacuoles
• mitochondria

• Golgi body
• Cytoplasm
• Ribosomes
• Smooth ER
• Rough ER
• centrosomes

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Plant Cell
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Organelles In Plant CellOrganelles in yellow are
only found in plant cells

• Cell wall
• Cell membrane
• Vacuoles (large)
• Nucleus
• Nucleolus
• Nuclear membrane
• Chloroplasts
• mitochondria

• Cytoplasm
• Amyloplast
• Centrosome
• Rough ER
• Smooth ER
• Ribosomes
• Golgi body

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Bacteria Cells
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Structure of Bacteria Cell
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Nucleolus

• The nucleolus primary function is to assemble
  ribosomes, is the largest structure in the cell
  nucleus.