Animation

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Animation
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Two major forms of animation

• Stop-motion animation
• Model
• Puppet
• Claymation
• Pixelation
• Cut-out animation
• Cartoon or created animation
• Cartoons
• CGI

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Animation has a long history

• Early visual toys
• Development of animation in early days of film
• Gertie the Dinosaur
• Animated shorts
• Felix the Cat
• Mickey Mouse
• Merrie Melodies

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Disney

• During the 1930s Walt Disneys animation studios
  came to dominate the commercial animation scene
• Turned to feature-length films after Snow White
• Naturalism
• Shorts were often produced by Warner Bros,
  Fleischer, others
• More abstract

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UPA

• Very abstract
• Limited animation
• Cheaper

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Cartoon animation

• At first, all pictures were hand-drawn completely
• Cel process
• Portion of the picture that moves is drawn on
  plastic sheet, background remains steady
• As animation progressed, multiple cel layers were
  developed

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Cartoon animation

• Developed a system (Disney perfected) where main
  animators would produce key frames or pictures
  that occurred at most important moments of
  action, then tweeners would produce the
  pictures that occurred between the key frames

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Rotoscoping

• To improve the naturalness of the motion, the
  device projected actual photos onto a light table
  where they were traced and the outline was then
  filled in with cartoon character
• Used in Snow White to make her movements more
  realistic

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Abstract animation

• Many animators do not want to present animation
  as though it were realwant the art of the visual
  and the audio to be retained
• Fantasia
• Abstract independent animation

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Stop motion

• Take picture, move object, take picture
• Painstaking process
• Can look jerky
• Models can have mechanical problems
• May need multiple models/puppets, etc.

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Stop motion

• Melies
• King Kong
• Gumby
• Wallace and Gromit