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Mid-19c European Nationalism

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Title: Mid-19c European Nationalism Author: Susan M. Pojer Last modified by: 8453D0A207CCC7E Created Date: 3/3/2004 12:57:28 AM Document presentation format – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Mid-19c European Nationalism


1
Russian Imperial Flag
2
Russian Expansion
A heterogeneous empire
3
Nicholas I r. 1825-1855
  • Autocracy!
  • Orthodoxy!
  • Nationalism!

4
Alexander II r. 1855-1881
  • Defeat in Crimean War
  • Started reforms Industrial Revolution
  • Emancipation of the Russian serfs 1861
  • Zemstvos formed
  • 1864- judicial reforms
  • Expanded Russias boundaries
  • Stopped Populist Revolts and not Peoples Will

5
Russian Expansion
ThePale
6
Alexander III r. 1881-1894
  • Reactionaryno more reforms!!!!
  • Slavophil
  • Russification heightened
  • Pogroms toward Jews
  • Forced migration of Jews
  • Iron Fist rule
  • Harassed Catholics and Protestants
  • Tightened Censorship

7
Forced Migration of Russias Jews
8
Nicholas II (1894-1917)
  • Last of the Romanovs
  • Encouraged industrialization
  • Trans Siberian Railroad
  • Still mainly an agriculture country
  • lots of rural poverty and overpopulation

9
Growth of Radicalism
  • Social Democrats- (Mensheviks and Bolsheviks)
    Marxist will split into these two groups. Lenin
    headed the Bolsheviks. Mainly industrial workers.
  • Socialist Revolution Party- mainly peasants and
    workers.
  • Union of Liberation- Middle class liberals who
    wanted a constitutional monarchy

10
1905 Revolution
  • After loss to Japan (1904-5), government was seen
    as weak by the people
  • Bloody Sunday- troops fired into peaceful crowd
    in St. Petersburgs Winter Palace.
  • Caused demonstrations and strikes throughout
    Russia
  • October Manifesto- 1905- Nicholas tries to stop
    outbreak, creates a constitution (Fundamental
    Laws) granting civil rights and creating a Duma
    legalized political parties
  • Bolsheviks, Mensheviks, Socialist
    Revolutionaries, Octobrist (m.c. liberals),
    Cadets (const. demos)

11
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12
Post Revolution
  • 1906 1907 1st and 2nd Dumas created, but
    dissolved by Nicholas
  • 1906 Agrarian Reform Act- gave peasants land
    hoping to create a landowning society who would
    vote for the conservatives
  • Too laterevolution and war will engulf Russia
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