Myers

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Myers PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed)

• Chapter 14
• Stress and Health
• James A. McCubbin, PhD
• Clemson University
• Worth Publishers

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Stress and Health

• Behavioral Medicine
• interdisciplinary field that integrates
  behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that
  knowledge to health and disease
• Health Psychology
• subfield of psychology that provides psychologys
  contribution to behavioral medicine

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Stress and Illness

• Leading causes of death in the US in 1900 and 2000

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Stress and Illness

• Stress
• the process by which we perceive and respond to
  certain events, called stressors, that we
  appraise as threatening or challenging

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Stress Appraisal
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Stress and Illness

• General Adaptation Syndrome
• Selyes concept of the bodys adaptive response
  to stress in three stages

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Stressful Life Events

• Catastrophic Events
• earthquakes, combat stress, floods
• Life Changes
• death of a loved one, divorce, loss of job,
  promotion
• Daily Hassles
• rush hour traffic, long lines, job stress, burnout

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Stressful Life Events

• Chronic Stress by Age

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Perceived Control

• Health consequences of a loss of control

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Perceived Control

• Equality and Longevity

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Stress and the Heart

• Coronary Heart Disease
• clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart
  muscle
• leading cause of death in many developed
  countries

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Stress and the Heart
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Stress and the Heart

• Type A
• Friedman and Rosenmans term for competitive,
  hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and
  anger-prone people
• Type B
• Friedman and Rosenmans term for easygoing,
  relaxed people

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Stress and the Heart
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Stress and Disease

• Psychophysiological Illness
• mind-body illness
• any stress-related physical illness
• some forms of hypertension
• some headaches
• distinct from hypochondriasis-- misinterpreting
  normal physical sensations as symptoms of a
  disease

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Stress and Disease

• Lymphocytes
• two types of white blood cells that are part of
  the bodys immune system
• B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release
  antibodies that fight bacterial infections
• T lymphocytes form in the thymus and, among other
  duties, attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign
  substances

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Stress and Disease

• Conditioning of immune suppression

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Stress and Disease

• Negative emotions and health-related consequences

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Promoting Health

• Aerobic Exercise
• sustained exercise that increases heart and lung
  fitness

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Promoting Health

• Biofeedback
• system for electronically recording, amplifying,
  and feeding back information regarding a subtle
  physiological state
• blood pressure
• muscle tension

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Promoting Health

• Modifying Type A life-style can reduce recurrence
  of heart attacks

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Promoting Health

• Social support across the life span

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Promoting Health

• Predictors of mortality

1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0
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Promoting Health

• Religious Attendance

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Promoting Health

• The religion factor is mulitidimensional

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Promoting Health

• Complementary and Alternative Medicine
• unproven health care treatments not taught widely
  in medical schools, not used in hospitals, and
  not usually reimbursed by insurance companies

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Promoting Health

• Smoking-related early deaths

40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0
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The Physiological Effects of Nicotine
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Promoting Health

• Fewer Canadian smokers

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Smoking Prevention

• U.S. teen smoking

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Smoking Prevention

• Results of a smoking inoculation program

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Obesity and Weight Control

• Obesity and body mass index

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Obesity and Weight Control

• Obesity and mortality

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Weight Discrimination

• When women applicants were made to look
  overweight, subjects were less willing to hire

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Weight Control

• Effects of a severe diet

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Weight Control

• Trading risks

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Weight Control

• Thinning of Miss America

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Weight Control

• Most lost weight is regained

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Weight Control

• Obesity was more common among those who watched
  the most television