Lesson Overview

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Lesson Overview

• Life is Cellular

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THINK ABOUT IT

• Whats the smallest part of any living thing
  that still counts as being alive?
• Can we just keep dividing living things into
  smaller and smaller parts, or is there a point at
  which whats left is no longer alive?

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Early Microscopes

• Mid-1600s scientists began using compound
  microscopes to observe living things.
• In 1665, Robert Hooke used a microscope to look
  at cork- nonliving plant material
• Cork looked like tiny, empty chambers
• Hooke called the cork cells
• cells are not empty chambers, but working
  parts, each with its own function.

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This is what Hooke saw. The cork reminded him of
monastery cells-places where monks stay (chambers)
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Early Microscopes

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek examined pond water
  sample taken from a human mouth.
• He drew the organisms he saw in the
  mouth-bacteria.

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The Cell Theory

• cells are the basic units of life
• 1838, German botanist Matthias Schleiden
  stated-plants made of cells.
• 1839, German biologist Theodor Schwann
  stated-animals made of cells.
• 1855, German physician Rudolf Virchow concluded
  that new cells could be produced only from other
  cells,

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The Cell Theory

• summarized in the cell theory, a fundamental
  concept of biology.
• The cell theory states
• -All living things are made up of cells.
• -Cells are the basic units of structure and
  function in living things.
• -New cells are produced from existing cells.

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The Discovery of the Cell

• What is the cell theory?

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The Discovery of the Cell

• What is the cell theory?
• The cell theory states
• - All living things are made up of cells.
• - Cells are the basic units of
  structure and function in living things.
• - New cells are produced from existing
  cells.

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Exploring the Cell

• How do microscopes work?

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Exploring the Cell

• How do microscopes work?
• Most microscopes use lenses to magnify the
  image of an object by focusing light or
  electrons.

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Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

• Cells fall into two broad categories, depending
  on whether they contain a nucleus.
• Nucleus is a large membrane-enclosed structure
  that contains the cells genetic material in the
  form of DNA.
• The nucleus controls many of the cells
  activities.

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Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

• Eukaryotes are cells that enclose their DNA in
  nuclei.
• Prokaryotes are cells that do not enclose DNA in
  nuclei.

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Prokaryotes

• Prokaryotic cells-smaller simpler
• prokaryotes grow, reproduce, respond to the
  environment, and some can even move by gliding
  along surfaces or swimming through liquids.
• bacteria prokaryotes.

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Eukaryotes

• Eukaryotic cells are larger more complex
• contain a lot of structures internal
  membranes.
• highly specialized.
• eukaryotes plants, animals, fungi, and
  protists.

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PRONO EUDO
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Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

• cells range from 5 to 50 micrometers in
  diameter, the smallest bacteria are only 0.2
  micrometers across.
• the giant amoeba Chaos chaos may be 1000
  micrometers in diameter,
• all cells contain the molecule that carries
  biological informationDNA.
• All cells are surrounded by a thin, flexible
  barrier -cell membrane.

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Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

• How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
  different?

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Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

• How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
  different?
• Prokaryotic cells do not separate their genetic
  material within a nucleus. PRO-NO
• In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus separates the
  genetic material from the rest of the cell.
  EU-DO!!!

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You will be taking a quiz. Tell me if the
following organisms are Prokaryotic or
Eukaryotic Remember ProNo Nucleus (DNA is free
floating in cytoplasm EuDo (DNA enclosed in
nucleus)
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Sponge????
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Yeast
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Step throat-Streptococcus
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Ring worm
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Protista-paramecium
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Venus Fly Trap
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Tapeworm
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Summarize

• Out of the Kingdoms Bacteria, Protists, Fungus,
  Plants, and Animals.
• Insert which one goes in which side of the chart

Prokaryote-NO NUCLEUS Eukaryote-HAS MEMBRANE BOUND NUCLEUS