Struggle for North America

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Struggle for North America

• France, the Netherlands, England, Sweden, and
  Spain begin settling in North America

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A. Expansion of French fishing in North America
results in France occupying nearly half of North
America

• Explorers and missionaries
• France claims the area of modern-day Canada and
  calls it New France
• Jacques Cartier explores the coastline of Eastern
  Canada and discovers the St. Lawrence River

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C. Furs, Trapping, and Fishing

• French fur traders travel further inland
• Frances empire eventually reaches from Quebec to
  the Great Lakes and down the Mississippi River to
  the Gulf of Mexico
• However, the French population grew slowly
  because of harsh and long winters
• High demand led to high prices which enticed
  French settlers to focus on fur trading and
  fishing

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D. An Empire Slowly Expands

• 1. French King Louis XVI raised taxes on his
  overseas empire to increase revenues

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II. The 13 English Colonies

• A. John Cabot lands at Newfoundland in 1497 and
  claims the area for England

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B. Establishing the First Colonies

• First permanent English colony is built at
  Jamestown, VA in 1607
• First few years were filled with harsh winters,
  starvation, and disease
• Survivors helped by Native Americans

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2. English settlers landed at Plymouth, MA in
1620 called themselves Pilgrims

• Came seeking religious freedom
• Signed the Mayflower Compact
• Compact- agreement on rules of governance

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C. The English Colonies Grow

• A total of 13 colonies established
• Abandon dreams of finding gold and instead used
  natural resources
• Northern colonies began fishing, logging, and
  shipbuilding
• Southern colonies develop agriculture, growing
  cash crops including rice and tobacco

New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Pennsylvania
New York
New Jersey
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
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D. Governing the Colonies

• Unlike Spanish and French colonies, English
  settlers had self-governance
• Each colony had its own representative assembly
• Assembly was elected settlers (only
  property-owning men)

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III. Struggling for Power

• Conflict arose between Spain, France, England,
  and the Netherlands over control over territory
  in North America

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A. Competing for Colonies

1. French controlled most of Canada
2. Spanish claimed areas of modern-day Texas and
   Florida
3. English and Dutch had colonies along the East
   Coast
4. Native Americans hoped to take advantage of this
   conflict by playing European powers against each
   other

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B. Bitter Rivalry Turns to War

• Britain and France battle each other in Europe,
  North America, Africa, and Asia in the French and
  Indian War
• Also called the Seven Years War

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2. the French and Indian War ends with the Treaty
of Paris in 1763

1. France ceded Canada and all its land east of the
   Mississippi
2. Britain gives France its slaving-trading outposts
   in Africa and its sugar plantations in the
   Caribbean
3. France keeps in territory in central region of
   North America

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Key
Color/Pattern Colony European Country
English Colonies
New France
Viceroyalty of New Spain
Brazil
Guiana
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THE Triangle Trade
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Triangle Trade

• The Triangle Trade was a series of trade routes
  linking Europe, Africa and the Americas.

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Triangle Trade

• Europeans brought goods to Africa (ex guns,
  cloth, cash)
• In Africa, merchants traded these goods for
  slaves
• Slaves were transported to the Americas were they
  were traded for sugar, molasses, and other
  plantation goods
• Merchants shipped American goods back to Europe
  (furs, sugar, cotton, molasses, fish, rum)
• In England goods were sold or traded for guns,
  cloth, cash

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The Middle Passage

• One leg of the Triangle Trade was the Atlantic
  Slave Trade
• The Middle Passage refers to journey the slaves
  took across the Atlantic

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What goods were traded in the Triangle Trade?
Rum Tobacco Cotton Molassas
Manufactured Goods
Slaves Gold