Nonlinguistic Representations Chapter 4

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Nonlinguistic RepresentationsChapter 4

• Classroom Instruction that Works with English
  Language Learners
• By Jane D. Hill and Kathleen M. Flynn

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Linguistic vs. Nonlinguistic

• Linguistic
• Main way new information is presented in the
  classroomlistening, reading
• Nonlinguistic
• Knowledge that is presented and stored in the
  form of mental images or physical sensations
  (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste, movement)

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Using Nonlinguistic Methods

• Makes instruction more understandable for ELLs
  (English Language Learners)
• A variety of activities helps students formulate
  nonlinguistic representations
• Nonlinguistic representations elaborate on
  knowledge

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Examples of Nonlinguistic Methods of Instruction

• Realia (real objects) and visuals (photos,
  charts, graphs)
• Demonstrations (including pointing, gesturing,
  showing, and explaining)
• Videos, audiocassetes with books
• Hands-on activities (science experiments,
  pantomime, drawing pictures, sequencing stories)

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Use Graphic Organizers

• Ex Venn diagrams, charts, webs, and timelines
• Can be designed to help make complex content more
  understandable for ELLs
• Help ELLs understand knowledge and store it in
  different way
• Teach students how to use graphic organizer
  (modeling)

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From pg. 42 of Classroom Instruction that Works
with English Language Learners
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Use Symbolic Representations

• Pictures, pictographs, maps, and diagrams
• Help students visualize information, recognize
  patterns, and remember new content
• Pictures related to ELLs background knowledge in
  their primary language helps to bridge the
  language gap

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From pg. 40 of Classroom Instruction that Works
with English Language Learners
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D. Single Replacement

• one element replaces another in a compound
• metal replaces metal ()
• nonmetal replaces nonmetal (-)

A BC ? B AC
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Generate Mental Pictures

• Help students create a movie in the mind while
  listening or reading
• Use all five senses to produce rich mental images

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Make Physical Models

• Concrete representations of what is learned
• The act of constructing a model establishes an
  image of the knowledge
• Manipulativesused frequently for math (shapes,
  cubes, money)
• All content areas use puzzles, maps, word
  sorts, Legos
• Any 3-dimensional form can be a physical model

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Engage in Kinesthetic Activities

• Kinesthetic activities represent knowledge using
  physical movement
• For ELLs, listening skills often develop first
  (followed by speaking, reading, and then writing)
• Gives students an opportunity to develop and
  practice listening skills before having to
  verbally produce new language

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Modifying for Different Language Levels

• Level 1 Pictures should be associated with info
  on graphic organizers, engage in class by asking
  Show me or Point to the prompts
• Level 2 Use cloze technique for one-word
  responses (ex A reptile breathes with)
• Level 3 Answer questions requiring phrase or
  short sentence, Why and How questions (ex
  Tell me about reptiles)
• Levels 4-5 More complex questions, like How are
  they the same/different? or Why do you think?

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ILPs (Individual Learning Plans)

• The ILP classroom accommodations that correlate
  to these strategies are
• Use visuals when speaking to provide context
• Use visuals to convey meaning of text
• Demonstrate meaning through other media
• Allow student to use visually-supported models to
  demonstrate understanding
• Allow student to create stories using pictures,
  words, or phrases
• Have students respond to listening tasks by
  pointing, circling, marking, or highlighting

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• For more information, please use Classroom
  Instruction That Works with English Language
  Learners, available in your schools professional
  library.
• If you have questions related to this
  presentation, please contact
• Matt Walsh Director of Curriculum and
  Professional Development
• MWalsh_at_brownsburg.k12.in.us
• Kelly Sumner High School ENL teacher
• KSumner_at_brownsburg.k12.in.us
• Casey Sutton Middle School ENL teacher
• CSutton_at_brownsburg.k12.in.us
• Adam Guthrie Elementary School ENL teacher
• AGuthrie_at_brownsburg.k12.in.us
• Lauren Davis Elementary School ENL assistant
• laurendavis_at_brownsburg.k12.in.us