Introduction%20in%20Irrigation

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Introduction in Irrigation
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Introduction

• Definition of irrigation
• ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????
  ????????
• ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????
  moisture content ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????
  ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????
  ??????? ?? ?????? .
• ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????
  ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? root zone .
• Definition of Irrigation science
• ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??
  ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ????
  ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????.

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Types of Irrigation

• ?? ?????
• ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??
  ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??
  ????? ???????.
• ?? ?????
• ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????
  ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????????
  ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????
  ???????.

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Need for Irrigation

• ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????
• ??? ????? ??????? .
• ??? ?????? ??????? .
• ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ? ????? ???
  ????? ? ??? ????? ??????? .
• ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?
  ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ?????? .
• ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???
  ???????? .
• ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? .
• ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? .

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Components of Irrigation System

• 1- ?????? Source
• ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????
  ??????? ????? ???????.
• 2- ??????? Diversion
• ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????
  ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???
  ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????.
• 3- ??????? Storage
• ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????
  ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????.

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• 4- ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????
• Delivery system to fields
• ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????????.
• 5- ???? ??????? Application system
• ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????
  ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????
  ????????.

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Water Structures in Irrigation Projects

• ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???????
• 1- ??????? ????????
• ????? ????? ? ????? ????????
• 2- ??????? ????????
• ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????
  ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????
  ???????? ??? ??????? ????????.
• ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????.

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Crossing Works

• 1- ??????? (Bridge)
• ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???
  ?????? ??? ?????? ??????.
• 2- ?????? (Culvert)
• ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???
  ?????? ?????? ??? ??????.

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Cable Bridge
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Cable Bridge
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R.C Bridge
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Pipe Culvert
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Crossing Works

• 3- ??????? (Syphon)
• ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??
  ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????
  ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????
  ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???????
  ??? ?????? ???????.
• 4- ??????? (Aqueduct)
• ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??
  ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????.

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R.C Box Siphon
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Pipe siphon
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Pipe Aqueduct
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Control Works

• 1- ??????? (Regulator)
• ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????
  ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????
  ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????
  ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????.
• 2- ?????? (Weir)
• ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????
  ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????
  ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????
  ??????? ?????.

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Regulators
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Weirs
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Control Works

• 3 - ?????? (Lock)
• ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????
  (??????? ??????) ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????
  ???????.
• 4 - ??????? ??????? (Water falls)
• ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??
  ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????????
  ????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?????.

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Storage works ????? ??????? Steel Dam
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Arch Dam
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Surface Irrigation
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1- ???? ????? ???? ???? ???????
1- ???? ???????
2- ???? ?????? 2- ???? ??????? ????
1- ???? ???????
2- ???? ????????
Irrigation Systems
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????? ???? ??????
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????? ???? ???????
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Surface irrigation

• ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????
  ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????.???
  ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? Flooding
  Methods ?? ????? ??????Furrow Method
• 1- ????? ???? ?????? Flooding Method
• 2- ????? ???? ??????? Furrow Method
• 3- ???? ??????? ????????? Contour Furrow
• 4- ???? ??????? Corrugation Method of Irrigation

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Flooding Method????? ???? ??????

• ?? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????
  ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????
  ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????.
• ???? ?????? ????
• ? ???? ??? ???? Wild flooding
• ? - ????? ?????? Controlled flooding

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• ????? ????? ?????? ???
• 1 ???? ?????? ???? Free flooding irrigation
  
• 2 ???? ???? ??????? ??????? Border strip
  flooding irrigation
• 3 ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? Check basin
  flooding
• 4 ???? ???? ??????? ????????? Contour border
  method
• 5 ???? ???? ??????? ???????? Zigzag
  method
• 6 ????? ???????? ??????? Ring basin
  flooding

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???? ???? ??????? ??????? Border strip flooding
irrigation
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???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????
Check basin flooding
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???? ???? ??????? ?????????
Contour border method
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???? ???? ??????? ????????
Zigzag method
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Furrow Method 2- ??? ???? ?????

• ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??
  ???? .
• ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???????? .
• ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????????
• ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????
  ?????? ?????? ??????.
• ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?
  ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ? ?????????
  ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? .
• ????? ???? ???????
• ???? ??????? . 2- ???? ???? .
• ???? ????? .

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(No Transcript)
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• ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ???? ?? ???? ????
  ?? ??????? ???????

??? Q ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ( ??? /
????? ) S ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????
?????
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• ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??
  ???????

??? D ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????
???? (?) Q ???? ???? ???? ( ??? / ????? ) S1
??????? ??? ?????? ( ??? ) L??? ???? ???????
???? ???? ( ??? )
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3- ???? ??????? ?????????Contour Furrows

• ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????
  ??????? .
• ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???
  ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????
  .
• ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????
  ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???
  ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????????.
• ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???????
  ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????
  ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? .
• ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? 8 ???
  ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? 5 .

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4- ???? ???????Corrugation Method

• ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????
  ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? .
• ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????
  ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? 40 ???
  120 ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? 10 ??? 15 ??
  ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???
  ?????? .
• ?????? ????? ?????? ??? 50 ??? 300 ??? ??????
  ???? ??? 100 ??? 200 ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????
  ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? 5 ??? 20 .

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?Sub-Surface Irrigation
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???? ??? ??????Subsurface Irrigation

• ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??
  ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? 15 ???
  30 ??? .
• ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???
  ????? ??? ???? ???????.
• ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????????
  ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? .

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????????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????

• 1 ???? ???? ????? ?????? .
• 2 ?? ???? ?????? ??????.
• 3 ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????.
• 4 ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????
  ?????? ??? ?????? ???????.
• 5 ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? 2-3???
  ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? .
• 6 ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???
  ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????.
• 7 ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????.
• 8 ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? 2 3 ??? ??? ???
  ????? .
• 9 ?? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????? .
• 10?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???
  ????? ??? ????? ??????.

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????? ???? ??? ??????

• 1- ???? ??? ?????? ???????
• Natural Sub-surface irrigation

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???? ??? ?????? ??????? Artificial Sub-surface
irrigation
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• ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????
• 1 ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????????
  .
• 2 ????? ????? ???????? .
• 3 ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? .
• 4 ??????? ????? ???????? .
• 5 ???? ????? ?????????? ???? .
• 6 ?? ???? ??? ????? .
• 7 ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????
  ???????? .
• 8 ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????
  ?????? ???? .
• ???? ???? ??? ??????
• 1 ????? ????? ??? .
• 2 ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???
  ????? .
• 3 ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? .
• 4 ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????
  ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????

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Thank you