Kingdom Fungi Video 1, Video 2

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Kingdom Fungi Video 1, Video 2

• Biology 11

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Kingdoms Review
http//www.wimp.com/fungigrow/
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What is a fungus?

• A eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic
  organism that does not have chlorophyll.
• Mycology
• study of fungi

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Structure

• The main body of most fungi is made up of fine,
  branching, usually colourless threads called
  hyphae.
• Each fungus will have vast numbers of these
  hyphae, all intertwining to make up a tangled web
  called the mycelium.

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Structure

• Fruiting bodies (such as mushrooms) are made up
  of thick collections of hyphae.
• Fruiting bodies can produce spores

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Ecological Importance

• Decomposers recycle nutrients (often called
  saprobes or saprophytes)
• Parasites feed on living organisms
• Symbiosis mutualistic relationships
• Ex. lichens and mycorrhizae

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How fungi feed

• Extracellular digestion
• As the hyphae grow across a food surface, they
  release digestive chemicals
• These chemicals break large organic molecules
  into smaller molecules
• The smaller molecules diffuse into the fungi

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How Fungi Reproduce

• Most fungi can reproduce with asexual or sexual
  reproduction
• Fragmentation (asexual) when a piece of hyphae
  breaks off, a new piece can grow back
• Budding (asexual) an outgrowth that breaks off
  the parent
• Spores windblown reproductive cells that help
  fungi disperse to new locations
• Spore can be asexual or sexual

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Diversity of Fungi

• Over 100,000 species of fungi
• 4 phyla
• Classified according to their reproductive
  structures

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1. Phylum Zygomycota

• Example bread molds
• Spores for reproduction
• Sporangia (a spore case)
• Hyphae grow into the food source

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2. Phylum Ascomycota

• Sac fungi
• Produce a sac-like reproductive structure called
  an ascus
• Examples
• Morels and truffles (for eating)
• Yeast (only unicellular fungi)
• Athlete's foot, ringworm
• Plant diseases Dutch elm and ergot

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Scarlet cup
http//www.mykoweb.com/photos/large/Sarcoscypha_co
ccinea(mgw-01).jpg
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Yeast
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Morel
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3. Phylum Basidiomycota

• Club Fungi
• Examples include mushrooms, shelf fungi and
  puffballs
• Produce spores in a club shaped structure called
  basidia
• The basidia are located under the cap in the gills

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http//www.mykoweb.com/photos/large/Lycoperdon(mgw
-01).jpg
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Jack-o-lantern fungi
http//www.mykoweb.com/photos/large/Omphalotus_oli
vascens(mgw-01).jpg
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Amanita muscaria extremely poisonous!
http//www.mykoweb.com/photos/large/Amanita_muscar
ia(mgw-03).jpg
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4. Deuteromycota (Imperfect Fungi)

• Reproduces asexual only
• Many are used in food production, such as cheeses
  and soy sauce
• Examples are Penicillium and Aspergillis

Developed penicillin the antibiotic from this
Causes lung disease in humans
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Aspergillis
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Lichens

• Mutualistic relationship (both benefit from
  living together) between a fungi and a
  cyanobacteria or algae
• Fungi provides shelter and moisture and
  photosynthetic partner provides the food

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Importance of Lichens

• food source for Arctic animals (caribou, etc)
• pioneer organisms in primary succession
• indicator for air pollution

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• Pseudocyphellaria aurata, "green specklebelly",
  on the bark of a plane tree in the mountains of
  Tennessee. In Madagascar, a tea made from this
  lichen is used to treat indigestion.

http//www.lichen.com/bigpix/Paurata.html
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• Cetrelia chicitae ("sea-storm lichen") on mossy
  rock, north shore of Lake Superior, Ontario.

http//www.lichen.com/bigpix/Cchicitae.html
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• Complete Three types of Fungi diagrams together