S2 Science Elements and Compounds

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S2 ScienceElements and Compounds
NEW LEARNING I have developed my knowledge of
the Periodic Table by considering the properties
and uses of a variety of elements relative to
their positions SCN 3-15a
REVISION By contributing to investigations into
familiar changes in substances to produce other
substances, I can describe how their
characteristics have changed. SCN 2-15a
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Periodic Table

• Today we will learn to
• State what elements are and where you can
• find out information about them.
• We will do this by
• Look at the periodic table together to learn
• how to find out information about elements.
• Match elements to their uses
• We will have succeeded if

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Periodic Table
Find this page in your planner you will be
using it a lot!
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Periodic Table

• This contains all of the elements that we know of
• Elements are the simplest atoms, they are used as
  the building blocks for everything in life
• Elements can not be broken down into anything
  simpler

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In pairs..

• Use the building blocks shown here to build as
  many different towers as possible

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What about.

• Not so easy!!
• Like lego bricks the elements in the periodic
  table can form many different structures

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Elements and Uses

• Work in pairs
• You will be given a set of cards, with elements
  and what they are used for
• You have to work together to match up the element
  to its use

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Elements

• There are five elements in the list below.
• Underline them.

water
oxygen
silver
vinegar
zinc
salt
bread
air
neon
sugar
brass
carbon
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Classifying Elements

• Today we will learn to
• Explain why the periodic table is arranged
• the way that it is
• We will do this by
• Look at the periodic table together to learn
• how to find out information about elements.
• Match elements to their uses
• We will have succeeded if

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Periodic Table
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Classifying elements

• Why do we have to put things in order?
• Think of something that you know that is put into
  order
• A library is put into children's section and
  adults section. There is also fiction and non
  fiction.

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Classifying elements

• In pairs
• Look at the element data cards. Put them into
  groups depending on their properties
• If they have similar properties they will be in
  the same group

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Chemistry trumps

• In groups of four
• Give each person in the group an equal number of
  cards
• Play element trumps using the information given
  about the elements on the cards

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Groups and Periods

• Today we will learn to
• Explain the difference between a group
• and a period
• We will do this by
• Looking at the periodic table to see
• where they are
• We will have succeeded if

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Groups and periods
Groups and periods introduction
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Groups

• A group of elements will react in a similar way

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Brainiac video
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Group 7 - Halogens

• This group contains non-metals. They are
• very reactive

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2
8
5
4
3
6
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Group 8 Noble Gases

• This group contains non-metals. They do not
• react with other elements so are useful in their
• own way. Can you think of uses?

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2
8
5
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3
6
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(No Transcript)
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Quick Quiz

• What is group 1 called?
• How does group 1 behave?
• What is group 2 called?
• How does group 2 behave?
• What is group 7 called?
• How does group 7 behave?
• What is group 8 called?
• How does group 8 behave?

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Periods

• A period goes across the way in the periodic table

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Metals and Non-metals

• Elements can be divided into METALS and
  NON-METALS.
• Most non-metals are non-conductors of
  electricity.
• Carbon (in the form of graphite) is the only
  non-metal which conducts electricity.

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• Draw a line on your periodic table
• Metals are on the left hand side

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Elements
He
Fe
Mg
Hg
O
C

• Each element is represented by a symbol.
• This symbol is made up of 1 or 2 letters.
• The symbol is unique to that element.
• The first letter is always a capital
• The second letter (if it has one) is always a
  small letter

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In Pairs

• Write down the symbols for 5 different elements
• Get your partner to find the names
• If you get confident you could time each other!

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In pairs

• Use the periodic table to find the symbols for
  the groups of elements below. Each group should
  spell a different cartoon character
• Tungsten, oxygen, oxygen, dysprosium
• Sulphur, cobalt, oxygen, boron, yetrium

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Mixtures and Compounds

• Today we will learn to
• Describe what a mixture is, and how it is
• different from a compound
• We will do this by
• Look at a mixture and learn how to separate it.
• Watch this mixture being changed into a
• compound and how this is different
• We will have succeeded if

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Mixtures
A mixture is formed by simply mixing together two
elements without chemically joining together
Examples of mixtures Air Skittles

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Iron and Sulphur

• Look at the mixture of iron and sulphur
• Try separating this mixture
• What happens when you heat this up?

http//www.youtube.com/watch?vA5H6DVe5FAI
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Mixtures
Filtration This is a technique used to separate
insoluble solids from liquids

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Mixtures
Filtration

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Gas Tests

• Today we will learn to
• Explain how to test for common gases
• We will do this by
• Test these gases and note your
• observations
• We will have succeeded if

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Gas Tests
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
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Experiments

• Add 3ml of lime water into carbon dioxide test
  tube. What happens?
• Put a glowing (just blown out) splint to the neck
  of the oxygen test tube. What happens?
• Put a lit splint to the neck of the hydrogen test
  tube. What happens?

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Gas Observations
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Carbon dioxide
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Carbon dioxide
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Carbon dioxide turns limewater cloudy
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Carbon dioxide turns limewater cloudy
Hydrogen
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Carbon dioxide turns limewater cloudy
Hydrogen burns with a pop
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Carbon dioxide turns limewater cloudy
Hydrogen burns with a pop
Oxygen
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Carbon dioxide turns limewater cloudy
Hydrogen burns with a pop
Oxygen re-lights a glowing splint
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Mixtures and Compounds

• When two substances are mixed together they can
  usually be separated easily (mixture).
• When two substances join together in a chemical
  reaction they form a compound.
• They cannot be separated easily.
• The two substances have joined together with
  chemical bonds.

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Compounds
What is a compound? When atoms of different
elements join together in a chemical reaction
they form a new substance called a compound This
is different from a mixture, where the atoms are
just mixed together and not chemically joined

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Naming compounds
Compounds containing two elements end with
ide e.g. lithium chlorine lithium
chloride Magnesium oxygen magnesium oxide

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Which elements

• Sodium fluoride
• Lithium bromide
• Calcium oxide
• Aluminium chloride
• Phosphorus sulphide
• Caesium chloride

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Naming compounds
Two exceptions compounds containing two element
AND oxygen end in ite or ate e.g. copper,
sulphur and oxygen copper sulphate Sodium,
sulphur and oxygen sodium sulphite

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Which elements

• Sodium nitrate
• Lithium sulphate
• Calcium phosphate
• Aluminium chlorate
• Phosphorus sulphite
• Caesium nitrite

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S2 starter

1. Name the compound formed when copper and chlorine
   react together.
2. What elements are in copper sulphide?
3. What elements are in copper carbonate?
4. What elements are in copper chloride?
5. What elements are in copper chlorite?

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Breaking Compounds

• Today we will learn to
• Explain how to break compounds apart
• We will do this by
• Carrying out an experiment to break up copper
• chloride
• We will have succeeded if

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Breaking Compounds

• If electricity is passed through a compound it
  can be separated into the elements it is made
  from.
• The diagram below shows the apparatus used to do
  this.

• The electric current is switched on.

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Breaking compounds

• Aim
• To break up copper chloride using electricity
• Results
• Conclusion

Observations Observations
Before the experiment After the experiment
POSITIVE carbon rod
NEGATIVE carbon rod
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Breaking Compounds

• After a few minutes copper is deposited on one
  carbon rod and chlorine gas given off at the
  other.

Copper chloride copper
chlorine Compound element element