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Cell Structure and Organelles

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Cell Structure and Organelles Cell wall functions to protect and support cells made of a rigid material called cellulose in plants animal cells don t have cell ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Cell Structure and Organelles


1
Cell Structure and Organelles
2
Cell wall
  • functions to protect and support cells
  • made of a rigid material called cellulose in
    plants
  • animal cells dont have cell walls

3
Cell Membrane
  • protects the cell
  • controls the movement of materials in and out of
    the cell (selectively permeable)
  • found in all cells

4
Cell Membrane cont.
  • The cell membrane is made of phospholipids that
    are constantly moving.
  • Small molecules (e.g. CO2, O2, H2O) can diffuse
    through the phospholipids unassisted.
  • Proteins are embedded in the membrane that act as
    channels to move larger molecules in and out.

5
Cytoplasm
  • The cytoplasm is everything inside the cell
    membrane, but outside the nucleus.
  • The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance made
    mostly of water that fills the cell.
  • Organelles are located in the cytoplasm.

6
Nucleus and Nucleolus
  • Nucleus
  • control center of the cell
  • contains chromosomes (made of DNA)
  • Nucleolus
  • a dense area (darker area) within the nucleus
  • ribosomes are produced in the nucleolus

7
Mitochondrion
  • tiny, oval-shaped organelle that provides cells
    with energy (ATP)
  • mitochondria are the site of aerobic cellular
    respiration
  • ATP is used by other organelles for energy for
    cell processes
  • ____________ _________ ________ ? ________
    ____________

8
Ribosome
  • ribosomes are microscopic spheres attached to the
    endoplasmic reticulum or floating in the
    cytoplasm
  • ribosomes make proteins

9
Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • a twisting network of canals
  • functions to transport materials throughout the
    cell
  • may have ribosomes attached to it (rough ER)
    smooth ER has no ribosomes attached

10
Golgi Apparatus
  • flattened sacs that produce vesicles (transport
    sacs)
  • they function to modify and store cellular
    secretions
  • (e.g. proteins)

11
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12
Lysosome
  • saclike structure formed by the Golgi apparatus
  • contains enzymes that can break down large
    molecules or worn out cell parts

13
Vacuole
  • fluid-filled space containing water, sugar, and
    proteins
  • helps with water regulation in plants

14
  • vacuoles can also store food or help some
    organisms move

15
Centriole
  • small protein structures critical to cell
    division (paired)
  • not found in plant cells

16
Chloroplast
  • found only in green plants and some protists
  • Contains the light sensitive protein pigment
    chlorophyll
  • CO2 H2O sunlight ? sugar O2

17
Chloroplast
  • convert sunlight into food for the cell via
    photosynthesis
  • ____________ _________ ________ ? ________
    ____________

18
Cilia and Flagella
  • fine protein fibres used for locomotion
  • Cilia short, may be numerous on cell surface
  • Flagella long, usually few in number on cell
    surface

19
Cytoskeleton
  • protein fibres network that help anchor
    organelles in place and give structure to the cell

20
Plant Cell
  • electron micrograph of a typical plant cell
  • What structures are found only in plant cells?
  • cell wall
  • large vacuole
  • chloroplast

21
Animal Cell
  • electron micrograph of a typical animal cell
  • What structures are found only in animal cells?
  • cilia
  • flagella
  • centrioles

22
What structures are found in both plant and
animal cells?
  • What structures are found in both?
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • nucleus/nucleolus
  • mitochondrion
  • ribosomes
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • lysosomes
  • golgi apparatus
  • cilia, flagella centrioles
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