Sociology Olympics!

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Sociology Olympics!
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Lightning Round!!!

• Lightning Round Topics
• Basic Theoretical Perspectives
• Systems theory
• Conflict theory
• Feminist Theory
• Symbolic Interactionism
• Social exchange
• Functionalism
• Family Life Cycle

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FunctionalismTrue or False

• Functionalists examine roles that individuals
  play within an institution such as the family?

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TRUE!!!
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Family Life CycleTrue or False

• It is NOT important for individuals in the family
  to develop an identity separate from that of the
  family origin ?

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• FALSE!!!

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Explained

• According to Family Life Cycle, one of the three
  developmental tasks is to develop an identity
  separate from that of their amily of origin.
• The other two developmental tasks include
• Developing new intimate relationships outside of
  the family
• Committing oneself to a career

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Functionalismtrue or false

• The functions of institutions and the status and
  roles of individuals are vital parts of
  functionalism?

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• TRUE!!!

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Explained

• Functionalists see society as made up of
  inter-dependent sections which work together to
  fulfill the functions necessary for the survival
  of society as a whole.
• People are socialized into roles and behaviours
  which fulfill the needs of society.
• Functionalists believe that behavior in society
  is structural. They believe that rules and
  regulations help organize relationships between
  members of society.

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Further Explained

• Attempts to explain how a society is organized to
  perform its required functions effectively.
• The role is the set of behaviours that an
  individual is expected to demonstrate with in a
  status.
• What you do in society is a function of your
  role. The theory then is - understanding
  behaviour based on its function.

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FunctionalismTrue / False

• Functionalists say that Canadian youth are not
  allowed to participate fully in the adult world
  of work.

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• FALSE!!!

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Explained

• Society is viewed as a system a collection of
  interdependent parts, with a tendency toward
  equilibrium (homeostasis).
• There are functional requirements that must be
  met in a society for its survival (such as
  reproduction of the population).
• People and institutions are seen to exist because
  they serve a function.

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Symbolic InteractionismTrue / False

• Symbolic interactionism takes into consideration
  how a group influences the actions of its
  members.

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TRUE!!!
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Symbolic Interactionism

• True / False
• The symbolic interactionism theory states that it
  is how individuals interpret their own and
  others actions that matters.

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• TRUE!!!

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Explained

• Symbolic interactionist researchers investigate
  how people create meaning during social
  interaction, how they present and construct the
  self (or "identity"), and how they define
  situations of co-presence with others. One of the
  perspective's central ideas is that people act as
  they do because of how they define the present
  situation.

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Systems Theory

• True / False
• Systems theory examines the family process and
  how individuals in the family influence one
  another?

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• TRUE!!!

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Explained

• Attempts to explain how groups of individuals
  interact as a system, a set of different parts
  that work together and influence one another in a
  relatively stable way over time.
• A basic principal of systems theory is feedback,
  a process by which the system informs its members
  how to interact to maintain the stability of the
  system.
• Relationships between husbands and wife and
  between children and their parents, may be
  thought of as normative subsystems at that level
  systems theory and functionalist theory would
  overlap
• Systems theory goes beyond normative subsystems
  to examine other subsystems referred to as -
  interpersonal subsystems.
• Such as between one child and one parent, or
  between two siblings but not all of the siblings

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Conflict Theory True / False

• Conflict theory explains how power is personal,
  not structural?

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• FALSE!!!

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Explained

• Conflict theory states that the society or
  organization functions so that each individual
  participant and its groups struggle to maximize
  their benefits, which inevitably contributes to
  social change such as changes in politics and
  revolutions.

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Social Exchange Theory True / False

• Social exchange theory examines how people are
  governed by the expectations of their roles and
  how they can minimize the benefits they will
  receive and maximize the costs to themselves?

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• FALSE!!!

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Explained

• Social exchange theory states that all human
  relationships are formed by the use of a
  subjective cost-benefit analysis and the
  comparison of alternatives. For example, when a
  person perceives the costs of a relationship as
  outweighing the perceived benefits, then the
  theory predicts that the person will choose to
  leave the relationship.

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Social ExchangeTrue / False

• The benefits and costs of a relationship are not
  facts, but are perceptions formed by each
  individual.

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• TRUE!!!

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Explained

• Our own perception of our needs and wants, serves
  as guidance when searching for balance between
  the costs and benefits of the relationship.
• What an individual perceives as a benefit, may be
  a cost to another individual. Therefore social
  exchange theorists believe that subjectivity
  plays a role in situations.

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Feminist TheoryTrue or False

• Feminist theories are often misunderstood because
  of their varying degrees of extremism?

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• TRUE!!!

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Explained

• The goal of feminism is equality.
• Radical feminism the most extreme form states
  that in order for balance between the sexes to be
  achieved, we as a society must go through a
  portion of time under a matriarchy.
• Most feminists maintain that an equal society is
  the ideal.
• The 20th century has taken many great strides
  towards equality. This is seen in politics, the
  family, the workforce, etc.

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Lightning Round Complete!
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• Prepare for the CAGE MATCH!!!
• Developmental Theorists
• Erik Erikson Stages of human development
• Daniel Levinson Theory of Seasons of Life
• Jane Loevinger - Theory of Ego Development
• Leonard Pearlin Theory of Psychological
  Distress
• Klaus Riegal Interpretation of Development

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• What is a common feature in Eriksons and
  Loevingers developmental theories?
• a. development reflects change but stages are not
  evident
• b. changes relate to the stages of the family
  life cycle
• c. development occurs in stages and they signify
  growth and improvement
• d. changes occur on time or off time in a
  distinct sequence

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C

• development occurs in stages and they signify
  growth and improvement

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• Who is this handsome devil?

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Erik Erikson

• Multiple Choice
• What was Erikson the first to do as a
  developmental psychologist?

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• a. describing predictable stages of human
  development
• b. changing his name to reflect his parentage
• c. describing growth and development of humans
  without the use of stages
• d. describing the fast pace of physical maturity
  as a result of better nutrition

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A

• describing predictable stages of human
  development

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Levinson - The Seasons of LifeMultiple Choice

• What is the meaning of the Dream, according to
  Levinson?

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• a. having a sense of self in the adult world
• b. having time to re-evaluate a life structure
• c. having a vision of a future occupation
• d. having a committed relationship

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A

• a. having a sense of self in the adult world

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Developmental Theorists

• Which of the following theorists believe that
  development in adulthood occurs not in
  predictable stages but as individuals adjust in
  response to the interaction of both internal and
  external changes ?
• Erik Erikson ???
• Klaus Riegal ???

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RIEGAL!!!!!!!!

• Contrary to Erikson, Klaus Riegal suggests that
  development in adulthood coocurs not in
  predictable stages but as individuals adjust in
  response to the interaction of both internal and
  external changes.
• Riegal identified four interrelated internal and
  external dimensions of development
• Development occurs when a change in one dimension
  requires an adjustment in one or more of the
  other dimensions.
• This is reflective of systems theory

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• Question
• Which theorist does believe that the patterns
  that the developmental theorists have outlined
  are a cohort effect???
• Riegal?
• Erikson?
• Loevinger?
• Levinson?
• Pearlin?

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PEARLIN!!!!!!!!!!!!!

• Pearlin suggests that the changes in behaviour
  result from socialized responses to a common
  social clock rather than from age linked inner
  changes.

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• This theorist uses Sigmund Freuds definition of
  EGO, and describes a higher level of development.
• This theorist sees young adults at a transitional
  stage between the conformist stage, and the
  conscientious stage.
• Is it
• Loevinger,
• or
• Levinson ?

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JANE LOEVINGER!!!!!

• Contrary to the other theorists, Loevinger
  concluded from her research that because most
  people spend a lifetime developing this ability,
  the progress form one stage to the next is
  determined by an individuals psychological clock,
  not by chronological age or the social
  environment.

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And so ends the Cage Match
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INTELLECTUAL FIGHT TO THE DEATH!!!

• Questions that lead to other questionsthat lead
  to other questions

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• What age group has the highest suicide rate?
• a. 15-24?
• b. 35-44?
• c. 75 ?
• d. 7-15 ?

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Answer

• C. 75

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Explained

• Though the highest actual number of suicides
  exists in males aged 25-44, the highest suicide
  rate (per percentage of the population) belongs
  to males aged 75 and older.

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Continued

• Explain the fact that males aged 75 have the
  highest suicide rate through any of the
  developmental theories studied in class.
• Question is worth 2 points.

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BEST ANSWER 2 points each

• How would social exchange theorists explain
  couples desire to terminate their marriage
  relationship?

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Insight

• Social exchange theorists might say that the
  couples no longer feel that the benefits of
  remaining in the relationship outweigh the costs
  of leaving it.

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• Give two pros and cons for both arranged
  marriages and free choice

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Insight

• Arranged Marriage
• Pros
• Less work
• Extended families get along
• Parents work for your best interests and the
  familys.
• Cons
• No choice
• Prescribed life

• Free Choice Marriage
• Pros
• My interests
• My choice
• My life!
• Cons
• there are lots of fish in the sea, but the sea
  is huge!

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• Give three reasons and explanations for the high
  divorce rate
• 6 points

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Insight

• Currently the divorce rate is just under 50 in
  Canada
• One of the major factors is financial infidelity.
• An affair is seen as the most traumatic event
  that a marriage relationship can encounter.
• Modern contraceptives have taken sex outside of
  marriage

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List and explain the 3 stages of divorce

• 6 Points

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3 phases of divorce

• Awareness Phase couple is aware that problems
  exist. In this phase, the couple may wish to try
  marriage counseling.
• Separation Phase the couple decides that it is
  best to live apart. Within this phase, formal
  documents are signed, and the divorce is
  legalized.
• Reorganization Phase the couple begins a new
  life apart from each other.

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And so we arrive at the end of Part
1CONGRATULATIONS!!!!!
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Prepare for tomorrow

• Evolution of the family
• Cohabitation
• Issues facing marriage
• Attachment
• Parenting styles, issues, trends