World Film History III

1
World Film History III

• Some Mediterranean film cultures

2
Spain early developments

• Segundo de Chomón Spains Georges Méliès
• From 1914 Barcelona on is the centre of film
  production
• Principal genre españoladas (historical epics)
  such as Vida de Cristóbal Colón y su
  Descubrimiento de América (1917)
• Adaptations of newspaper serials and stage plays
• By 1928 Madrid becomes the centre of production
• Sound introduced in 1931 only one film is
  produced
• Interruption caused by the civil war
  documentaries used as propaganda, some shot by
  major foreign masters (Ivens, Karmen, Strand
  Hurwitz)

3
Cinema in Francos Spain

• Francos regime establishes the Institute of
  National Film Production and orders dubbing to be
  mandatory
• Many filmmakers end up in exile
• Antonio Nieves Conde introduces Neorealist traits
  in his film Surcos (1952)
• Rafael Rivelles and Juan Calvos Marcelino pan y
  vino (1955) becomes Spains first winner at
  international and serves as Fernando Reys
  breakthrough film
• Modern Spanish cinema of our time is politically
  ineffectual, socially phony, intellectually poor,
  aesthetically hopeless, and industrially stunted
  (group of critics, 1955)

4

• Juan Antonio Bardem, Luis Garcia Berlanga and
  certain others succeed in making Neorealism
  inspired critical films despite censorship
• Buñuel returns to make international
  co-productions
• Foreign historical epics and spaghetti westerns
  are shot in Spain
• Escuela Oficial de Cine is established giving a
  start to a new generation of filmmakers,
  generally with leftist orientation
• Supported by great international critical
  success, Carlos Saura is allowed to make even
  fiercely subversive films
• Subjective and allegorical depictions of life
  under dictatorship
• Censorship lifted after Francos death in1975

5
New Spanish Cinema

• Films made in other languages than Castilian
  Spanish
• Catalan Institute of Cinema and the rise of 'New
  Basque Cinema
• Julio Medem begins to explore peoples subjective
  relationship to the countrys history
• Controversial topics and revisionist depictions
  of history
• Pedro Almodóvar introduces outrageous sexual
  satire
• The rise of quality fantasy and horror

6
Spain directors and films

• Luis Garcia Berlanga Bienvenido Mister Marshal
  (1953)
• Juan Antonio Bardem Muerte de un ciclista (1955)
• Luis Buñuel Viridiana (1961), Tristana (1970)
• Carlos Saura La Caza (1965), El Jardín de las
  Delicias (1970), Prima Angelica (1974), Cria
  Cuervos (1976)
• Victor Erice El espiritu de la colmena (1973)
• Julio Medem Vacas (1981)
• Fernando Trueba Belle époque (1992)
• Pedro Almodovar Qué he hecho yo para merecer
  esto!! (1984)
• Matador (1986), Átame! (1990), Habla con ella
  (2002)
• Jaunma Bajo Ullo La madre muerta (1993)
• Alehandro Amenábar Tesis (1995)
• Iciar Bollain Te Doy Mis Ojos (2003)
• Jaime Rosales La Soledad (2007)
• Teresa Dominic Pelegri Harari Seres queridos
  (2004)
• Guilermo Den Toro El Labyrinto Del Fauno (2006)

7
Portugal

• Aurélio da Paz dos Reis shoots actualities
• At the turn of the century Manuel Maria Costa
  Veiga starts the countrys first production
  company Portugal Film
• In the1920s young filmmakers seek to follow the
  models set by French, German and Russian trends
• Leitão de Barros develops docufiction/
  ethnofiction
• After right wing dictatorship was established in
  1933 more emphasis on comedy and musicals
  Comédia À Portuguesa
• In the 1950s historical films are used to promote
  nationalistic propaganda and conservative values
• Tension between censorship and Neorealist
  tendencies

8

• Cinemateca Portuguesa starts in 1958 with a
  series of American films soon followed by the
  French New Wave
• Novo Cinema 1963 1974 moves toward political
  cinema inspired by the New Wave
• After the Carnation Revolution filmmakers
  combine realism and legends, politics and
  ethnography
• Manoel de Oliveira Aniki-Bóbó (1942), O
  Convento (1994), Je rentre à la maison (2001)

9
Greece

• Athens 1906 Intercalated Games are recorded on
  film
• 1910-11 comedy shorts
• Kostas Bachatoris Golfo (1911) first Greek
  feature film
• First production companies Athina film(1912),
  Astry Film (1916)
• Orestis Laskoss Daphnis and Chloe (1931) first
  Greek film to be distributed abroad
• 1950s and 60s considered to be the Golden Age
• Michael Cacoyannis Electera (1962), Alexis
  Zorbas /Zorba the Greek (1964), Iphigenia (1977)
• Jules Dassin Pate tin kyriaki (1960)
• Theo Angelopoulos O Thiassos (1975), Topio stin
  omichli (1988), To vlemma tou Odyssea (1995)
• Sotiris Goritsasa Balkanisateur aka Balkan
  Express (1997)

10
Turkey

• Import companies struggled mainly for domination
  in the most population-dense and profitable
  cities by showing American, French Italian and
  German films
• Film production stabilized only in the 1950s 49
  films in 1952 more than the total of all
  previous years.
• In the 60's,Turkey became the fifth biggest film
  producer in the world with up to 300 films/ year
• TV and Video together with the 1970s political
  turmoil and economic crises caused a sharp
  decline
• 1986 cinema law enhanced the rights of people
  working for the film and music industries
• A reorganization of the film industry began in
  1987

11

• Many films made in collaboration with German
  producers
• A new rise after year 2000 domestic
  blockbusters often beat foreign films at the box
  office
• Serif Gören Yilmaz Güney Yol (1982)
• Bilge Ceylan Mayis sikintisi (Clowds of May,
  2000)
• Özer Kiziltan Takva (Fear of God, 2006)
• Fatih Akin Gegen die Wand (2004), Auf der
  anderen Seite (2007)

12
Israel

• After the foundation of the state of Israeli
  documentary production becomes stable
• First films studios established in the 1950s
• Popular bourekas films in the 1960s and 1970s
  treat in a comic fashion the relationships
  between ashkenasi and sephardim Jews, as well as
  relationships between the rich and the poor
• The French New Wave inspires the New
  Sensitivity trend to explore new artistic
  possibilities
• In the 1990s films are made of antiheroes living
  in the margins
• Since 2000-luvulla both the Israeli and Palestine
  filmmakers have made increasingly critical films

13
Israel directors and films

• Dror Shaul Adama Meshuga'at (2006)
• Radu Mihaileanu Va, vie, deviens (2005)
• Jonathan Paz Eskimosim ba Galil (2006)
• Savi Gabitzon Hole Ahava B'Shikun Gimel (1995)
• Avi Nesher Ho-Sodot aka Secrets (2007)
• Eran Riklis The Syrian Bride (2004)
• Ari Folman Valz Im Bashir (2008)

14
Palestine

• Actualities shot in Palestine soon after the
  birth of cinema
• documentary on King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabias
  visit in 1935 to Palestine
• During the Exodus Palestine film making ceases
• Film production in exile from 1968 supported by
  PLO Film Foundation/Palestinian Film Unit
• PLO film achives in Beirut disappear in 1982
• Chronicle of a Disappearance (1996) becames the
  first Palestinian film released in the United
  States