GHS Science CAPT Embedded Task Review

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GHS ScienceCAPT Embedded Task Review

• Lab Investigation Enzymes

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Your Task

• A CT apple juice company needs your help to
  determine how enzymes can be used to produce
  apple juice from apple sauce.
• They provide you with two enzymes to see which
  enzyme will make the most juice.
• Enzymes
• Pectinase
• Cellulase

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What are Enzymes?

• Enzymes are proteins found in the cells of all
  living things.
• Enzymes connect to molecules in living things to
  break them apart or put them together.
• A substrate is the original molecule that
  connects to the enzyme.

• This picture shows an enzyme binding to a
  substrate.

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Lab Design
Most GHS students used a procedure that looked
something like this

• 1. Place filter paper in a funnel and put funnel
  in a flask.

Funnel with filter paper in it
Flask
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Lab Design

• 2. Set up three flasks with funnels.

A B
C
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Lab Design

• 3. Pour exactly 20 g of apple sauce into each
  funnel.

A B
C
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Lab Design

• 4. Add a different enzyme to each funnel.

A B
C
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Lab Design

• 5. Let each flask sit for exactly 10 minutes.

A B
C
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Lab Design

• 6. After 10 minutes, measure how much juice was
  produced from each flask using a graduated
  cylinder.

Graduated Cylinder
Apple Juice Produced
Apple Juice Produced
Apple Juice Produced
A B
C
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Sample Data
Enzyme(s) Enzyme(s) Enzyme(s) Enzyme(s)
Flask A Pectinase Flask B Cellulase Flask C No Enzyme Added
Amount of Juice Produced 3.0 ml 5.0 ml 0.5 ml
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Analysis Questions

• Directions On a separate sheet of paper,
  answer the following questions in complete
  sentences.
• Identify the following for this experiment
• Problem statement
• Independent variable
• Dependent variable

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Definitions

• Problem Statement The problem that the
  scientist is trying to solve.
• Hypothesis An educated guess that answers the
  problem statement. Often, an If Then
  statement is used. So, If I change the
  independent variable, Then the dependent variable
  will change in this way.
• Independent Variable The variable in an
  experiment that the scientist purposefully
  changes. This change should affect the dependent
  variable.
• Dependent Variable The variable in an experiment
  that changes and that the scientist measures.
  This variable depends on the independent
  variable.
• Control The baseline that you can compare the
  other groups exposed to the independent variable
  against. Used test how valid the independent
  variable is.
• Controlled Experiment An experiment in which all
  factors are kept constant except for the
  independent variable.

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Analysis Questions

1. Identify two variables that were held constant in
   this experiment.
2. Explain why it is important to hold these
   variables constant.
3. What was the substrate and the product(s) in
   this experiment?
4. Why was it important that flask C was used?
5. Based on the data, what would your conclusion be
   for this experiment?

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What are Enzymes?

• Enzymes are proteins found in the cells of all
  living things.
• Enzymes connect to molecules in living things to
  break them apart or put them together.
• A substrate is the original molecule that
  connects to the enzyme.

• This picture shows an enzyme binding to a
  substrate.

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Going Further Challenge Questions, Set 1

• After performing this experiment, you learn from
  the apple juice company that Pectinase and
  Cellulase cost different amounts
• Pectinase .50 per ml
• Cellulase 1.00 per ml
• The apple juice company wants you to be as
  cost-effective as possible in producing the most
  amount of juice.
• Explain to the company which enzyme is most
  cost-effective (ml/)?

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Going Further Challenge Questions, Set 2

• A group of students are convinced that pectinase
  is the most cost-effective enzyme to choose to
  produce apple juice for the company. They think
  that temperature may affect how much juice
  pectinase can produce.
• In a new experiment, they test their hypothesis.
  Using the same basic design as the original
  experiment, the students heat apple sauce with
  pectinase to different temperatures to see which
  temperature is optimal for producing the most
  apple juice.
• The temperatures are 0C, 20C, 40C, 60C, 80C

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Going Further Challenge Questions, Set 2

• The results of the students new experiment are
  shown below

Amount of Apple Juice Produced
5 ml 10 ml
0 20 40 60
80 Degrees Celcius
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Going Further Challenge Questions, Set 2

1. Explain the behavior of pectinase in temperature
   range 0-20 C.
2. Explain the behavior of pectinase in temperature
   range 50-80 C.
3. What would be an appropriate conclusion for the
   new experiment?