Vocabulary Review

1
Vocabulary Review

• Ch 17 Classification of Organisms

2
The variety of organisms considered at all
levels, from populations to ecosystems
Biodiversity
3
The science of describing, naming, and
classifying organisms
Taxonomy
4
Any particular group within a taxonomic system
Taxon
5
In a traditional taxonomic system, the highest
taxonomic category, which contains a group of
similar phyla
Kingdom
6
In a modern taxonomic system, the broadest
category the category that contains kingdoms
Domain
7
In a traditional taxonomic system for organisms
other than plants, the category contained within
a kingdom and containing classes
Phylum
8
In a traditional taxonomic system for plants, the
category contained within a kingdom and
containing classes
Division
9
In a traditional taxonomic system, the category
contained within a phylum or division and
containing orders
Class
10
In a traditional taxonomic system, the category
contained within a class and containing families
Order
11
In a traditional taxonomic system, the category
contained within an order and containing genera
Family
12
In a traditional taxonomic system, the category
contained within a family and containing species
Genus
13
A group of organisms that are closely related and
can mate to produce fertile offspring also the
level of classification below genus and above
subspecies
Species
14
A system for giving each organism a two-word
scientific name that consists of the genus name
followed by the species name
Binomial nomenclature
15
A taxonomic classification below species that
groups organisms that live in different
geographical areas, differ morphologically from
other populations of the species, but can
interbreed with other populations of the species
Subspecies
16
The classification of living organisms in terms
of their natural relationships it includes
describing, naming, and classifying the organisms
Systematics
17
The analysis of evolutionary, or ancestral,
relationships between taxa
Phylogenetics
18
A branching diagram that models the relationships
by ancestry between different species or other
taxonomic groups
Phylogenetic diagram
19
A phylogenetic classification system that uses
shared derived characters and ancestry as the
sole criterion for grouping taxa
Cladistics
20
A feature that is shared by all members of a
particular group of organisms
Shared character
21
A feature that evolved only within a particular
taxonomic group
Derived character
22
A taxonomic grouping that includes only a single
ancestor and all of its descendants
Clade
23
A diagram that is based on patterns of shared,
derived traits and that shows the evolutionary
relationships between groups of organisms
Cladogram
24
In a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of
prokaryotes that usually have a cell wall and
that usually reproduce by cell division this
domain aligns with the traditional kingdom
Eubacteria
Bacteria
25
In a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of
prokaryotes that can live in extreme environments
and that are differentiated from other
prokaryotes by various important chemical
differences this domain aligns with the
traditional kingdom Archaebacteria
Archaea
26
In a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of
all eukaryotes aligns with the traditional
kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
Eukarya
27
In a traditional taxonomic system, a kingdom that
contains all prokaryotes except Kingdom
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
28
In a traditional taxonomic system, a kingdom made
up of prokaryotes that can live in extreme
environments differentiated from other
prokaryotes by various important chemical
differences
Archaebacteria
29
In a traditional taxonomic system, a kingdom made
up of mostly one-celled eukaryotic organisms that
are not readily classified as either plants,
animals, or fungi
Protista
30
In a traditional taxonomic system, a kingdom made
up of nongreen, eukaryotic organisms that get
food by breaking down organic matter and
absorbing the nutrients, reproduce by means of
spores, and have no means of movement
Fungi
31
In a traditional taxonomic system, a kingdom made
up of eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that
have cell walls made mostly of cellulose, that
have pigments that absorb light, and that supply
energy and oxygen to themselves and to other
life-forms through photosynthesis
Plantae
32
In a traditional taxonomic system, a kingdom made
up of complex, multicellular organisms that lack
cell walls, are usually able to move around, and
possess specialized sense organs that help them
quickly respond to their environment
Animalia